External factors influencing the effectiveness of cluster policy in the Russian agro-industrial complex

Cluster policy in the Russian agro-industrial complex is a strategic tool aimed at increasing the competitiveness and sustainability of the agricultural sector. However, despite internal efforts to develop agro-industrial clusters, there are many external and internal factors that can significantly affect the effectiveness of their activities. This article is devoted to the study of external factors of such influence. The article presents the essence and definitions of a cluster in general and an agro-industrial cluster in particular. The characteristics and features of an agricultural cluster in Russia have been identified and systematized. External factors influencing the effectiveness of cluster policy in the Russian agro-industrial complex have also been identified, systematized and classified, divided into economic, political, technological, environmental and social factors. The study showed that the sanctions have led to structural changes in Russian agriculture, increasing its sustainability and competitiveness. In such conditions, agro-industrial clusters have become an important tool for increasing production efficiency and reducing costs. External factors have played an important role in the adaptation of agro-industrial clusters to new conditions, contributing to the integration and cooperation of participants, which has had a positive impact on their effectiveness.