Water mode and green manure effect depending on the main cultivation of the typical chernozem

The green mature effect is caused by the amount of phytomass coming to the soil which is defined by the biological features of cultures and their moisture security, especially in a zone of unstable moistening (CCR). The experiment was carried out in JSC "Rusagro-Invest" of the Chernyansk district of the Belgorod region in 2011-2014. The research objective was to study the influence of the way of the main cultivation of the typical chernozem on the water mode and the green mature effect, relating to various families (Fabaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae) and differing in its influence. The variability of the productive moisture reserves during the green mature sowing depended on the way of the soil main tillage. Deep tillage especially by the lack of plowing up influenced the moisture reserves positively. During the green mature incorporation it depended on the way of fallow. The moisture reserves in autumn fallow were authentically higher in comparison with all types of the green manured fallow, except the sweet clover one, obviously because of the poor culture development. Subsurface tillage led to the essential increase in the coefficient of water consumption by 38-43% against the surface tillage and plowing by which it was the smallest (146.5 m3/t) one. Such green mature cultures as vetch-oats, phacelia and buckwheat were the most economic in the moisture consumption for a yield unit of the herbage. Plowing had an advantage in comparison with energy saving ways of tillage on the influence on the formation of both herbage and roots: the excess was 2.5-4.2 t/hectare and 0.4-1.0 t/hectare respectively. The ways of the minimum soil tillage authentically differed from each other on the influence of the root remains accumulation; when using surface tillage it was 25% more. The largest size of phytomass was formed by a phacelia on plowing (32.4 t/hectare), the smallest size was formed by peas and sweet clover on subsurface tillage. The difference between contrast options was 3.8 times.