Issues of total evaporation modeling in agricultural fields

Evaporation, or so-called evapotranspiration in cultivated agricultural fields, is an important component in the hydrological cycle of plant development on land plots. Evapotranspiration is an important component of the energy-moisture exchange between media such as the earth and the atmosphere. The article is devoted to the development of a model of evaporation processes in the fields of agricultural plants. The Penman - Montiza equation is considered generally accepted to estimate the main heat transfer index, but it requires the availability of such data as climatic indicators (relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation). On the one hand, such data are not always available, and on the other hand, this model does not take into account the state of the soil, its moisture content, and does not provide opportunities for carrying out optimization procedures in relation to the calculated evapotranspiration indicator. The purpose of this article is to fill this gap in relation to the newly introduced integral indicator of plant evapotranspiration. Theoretical constructions allowing calculating the degree of vegetation evapotranspiration are presented. The ways of constructing a model that take into account the optimal ratio between the main indicators that simulate the evapotranspiration process have been determined. An optimization problem was formulated and solved in relation to the newly introduced integral indicator of transpiration, the solution of which made it possible to calculate the optimal function of the dependence of the actual amount of moisture on the growth rate of plants of the actual amount. It is shown that this solution achieves the maximum of the integral model estimate of vegetation evapotranspiration. The results obtained in this article can be useful for specialists in the field of precision farming, as well as when carrying out organizational measures to increase the efficiency of agricultural production.