Excitation of matter by electromagnetic pulses with a random phase

The excitation of matter by electromagnetic pulses with a random phase is theoretically studied using the example of a two-level system and a quantum harmonic oscillator. Within the framework of perturbation theory, an expression is obtained for the probability of excitation of a two-level system through the Fourier transform of the pulse envelope. The excitation of a quantum oscillator by Gaussian and exponential pulses with different phase characteristics is analyzed numerically in terms of the probability of excitation over the entire duration of the pulse. The characteristic features of this process have been established as a function of the pulse duration for various values of the Rabi frequency.