The cultivation of soybean in the chernozem steppe of the Middle Volga region

The purpose of research is to improve the technology of soybean cultivation in the black earth steppe of the middle Volga region. The study was conducted in sectionnum zernopererabotki the rotation. Three technologies with deep soil loosening were studied (2011-2016) in comparison with traditional technology. Predecessor culture - soft winter wheat. In 2010-2012, two sowing periods were tested on these variants. In all years of research, the SCC for may-August was lower or at the level of long-term data and amounted to 0.15-0.74. In 2010, 2015, 2016, during the spring-autumn and spring-summer droughts (SCC for may-August =0.15-0.57), unfavorable conditions for the growth and development of culture were revealed. In other years, when weather conditions close to mean multiyear were obtained productivity level above 1.0 t/ha. Sowing was performed with the seeder SZS-2,1 with the width of the spacing of 23.3 cm climate Warming and increased growing period for crops in the Chernozem steppe of the Middle Volga region did not contribute to change the timing of planting soybeans in comparison with past. The maximum yield of soybean obtained in the variants where the sowing was carried out in the second period (end of second beginning of third decade of may) - 0,82-0,94 t/ha. Early sowing, after sowing of early spring grains, mainly because of hit critical phases of development of soybean plants for water supply in dry period reduced the yield of the analyzed culture on 0,34-0,37 t/ha (64.9 per-72,9 %). Higher yields obtained on the options for the second sowing period, provided the maximum economic performance. Least a conditional net income in the second sowing date received in the cultivation of soybean by traditional technology (extensive background) - 4612,6 RUB/ha. In zernopererabotki crop rotation in the cultivation of soybeans with compliance with the integrated plant protection from weeds, the most effective is the use of deep tillage with primary tillage and use of rizotorfina during the pre-sowing preparation of seeds by application of compound fertilizers. The proposed technology provides improvement of soil nutrient regime and increase of crop yield, compared with natural fertility background by 0.16 t/ha (20.8 %).