The possibility of introduction and breeding Masha - (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Middle Volga

The article presents the results of studying a new agricultural crop of various uses of masha - (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in the Middle Volga region. From 2013 to 2016, studied varieties of this culture from the collection of the FGBIO of the Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. N.I.Vaivilov and have defined for study in the environmental conditions of the region seven samples of early - and mid-maturing in maturation. The cycle of plant development has been studied, as a result it has been established that rhythmic processes are stable, adapted to local climatic conditions, life form - bush, productive, self-sowing does not form, but successfully propagates artificially. Sortoobraztsy in the collection nurseries were evaluated for a number of indicators: the duration of the vegetation period, productivity, resistance to harmful organisms, to stressful environmental factors. They studied the influence of abiotic factors on the duration of the period (crops - shoots) and found that the limiting abiotic factor in the cultivation of the Vigna radiata in the Middle Volga region, along with moisture availability, is the warming of the soil layer at the depth of seeding. Particular attention was paid to resistance to lack of moisture in combination with high air temperature. The complex of indices of the water regime has been studied, its dynamics during the time period of budding-fruit formation makes it possible to characterize the resistance of marsh varieties to insufficient moisture supply. A positive correlation between water retention capacity and yield r = 0.62 and a weight of 1000 seeds r = 0.39 in the phase of fruit formation was revealed. The indicator «water-retaining capacity» can be used to differentiate the studied variety samples by productivity in conditions of water stress.