Higher school under conditions of system transformations during transitory epochs paper 1. European models

The research is dedicated to the reconstruction of the models of higher education established in Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia and USA during global social changes of the growing industrialism. The role played by historical traditions in the development of higher education institutions is analyzed. Special attention is given to the creation of universities and their transformation into scientific and educational institutions. The character of the state policy regarding higher school is examined. The evolvement of the two-segmental structure of higher school is displayed, as well as the outlined convergence of the segments in their research and educational functions. Comparison of the five models allows to reveal common and national traits.