Green energy challenges in modern conditions

The article is devoted to the analysis of benefits and challenges of green energy. The relevance of the article is predetermined by the problem of the world community’s dependence on traditional raw materials and the environmental problem associated with global warming and the regulation of the level of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere. The article focuses on indicators that have a positive trend for green energy: the levelized cost of energy and the installed capacity utilization factor. Based on the analysis of the first indicator, it was concluded that the calculation of the normalized cost of electricity according to the standard mathematical formula has a subjective, predictive nature. Therefore, the author proposed a calculation method that differs from others - the calculation of the levelized cost of value-adjusted energy. Based on a comparison of statistical indicators of the installed capacity utilization factor for green energy, the main limiting factors were established, which indicates the uncertainty of the movement of this indicator. The author pays special attention to such a limiting factor as natural, which is a clear challenge for green energy. Based on the foregoing, the article proposes specific actions to reduce the dependence of green energy on weather conditions: creating a reliable integration of energy grids, innovative technologies for the accumulation and storage; the use of specialized models to predict the changes of future electricity demand.