Regularities in accumulation, loss and return of water and chemical substances during the water exchange in soil

The experimental studies permitted to determine the ratio between infiltration and transpiration of the ground water in a soddy podzolic soil, that accounts for 0.3-0.6 under dried conditions of atmospheric moistening, 2.6-2.9 as an average value for many years and 2.6-2.9 under moderately wet conditions. The loss of potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese under the grass stand was calculated as 0.95, 89.0, 37.7, 1.42 and 1.40 kg/ha/yr respectively. Due to capillarity the root layer of this soil receives 0.19 kg/ha of potassium or 20% from its loss with water infiltration, 16.4% of magnesium, 15.0% of calcium, 13.4% of zinc and 9.0% of manganese. It is shown that the water transpiration in case of the close underground water level leads to rupture of capillary links. With increasing the soil thickness in lysimeter the water infiltration and the nitrate leaching become declined both under grass and bean-grass stands.