The origin and development of the periodical press in Chechnya and Ingushetia during the soviet modernization (1920s-1930s)

The study reviews the formation of the Chechen-Ingush national periodical press. The emergence of media in the North Caucasus happened simultaneously with the emergence of national statehood, culture and education. An important achievement of cultural construction in Chechnya and Ingushetia was the creation of a national press. The mass media in Chechnya and Ingushetia was established in conditions of almost complete illiteracy of the population, the absence of native written language and under total control (censorship). In the mid-1930s in Chechnya-Ingushetia, a holistic media system was formed, aiming at ideological support of the national economic tasks, the spread of shock work, rationalization, the Stakhanovite movement, reporting on agricultural cooperation and collective farm construction, school education and the campaign of eradication of illiteracy. Moreover, relevant topics were as follows: the involvement of Chechen and Ingush women into production and socio-political life, the struggle with vestiges of the past, kulaks, religion, etc.