Dependence of crop rotation productivity and economic efficiency on various basic tillage systems

The purpose of research is to study the effect of various systems of basic tillage on the productivity and economic efficiency of crop rotation (soybean, winter wheat, spring rapeseed and barley) in the forest-steppe conditions of the Central Federal District of Russia. The study was conducted in 2015-2018 in the Lipetsk Research Institute of Rapeseed - the Branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center, V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. In the field experiment, four systems of basic tillage with a conventional name were studied: moldboard-surface, moldboard-surface with deep loosening, moldboard-surface with fine loosening, and minimal (non-moldboard). The soil of the experimental plot is a leached medium-thick heavy loamy chernozem. The total area of the plot is 264 m2 and the accounting area is 88 m2. The experiment was repeated three times. During the years of the study, the patterns of changes in productivity and economic efficiency of crop rotation turned out to be relatively close. It was revealed that, on average, over the years of the first rotation of the crop rotation (2015-2018), the largest collection of fodder units (4.55 t/ha) was provided by the moldboard-surface system with deep loosening of the main tillage (deep non-moldboard loosening for soybean, surface tillage for winter wheat, barley and plowing with a layer turnover for spring rapeseed). At the same time, a higher net income (25,365 rubles/ha) and a higher level of profitability (126 %) were obtained, as well as the lowest cost of 1 ton of feed units (4,425 rubles). In other variants of the experiment, crop rotation productivity and its economic indicators were significantly reduced, and this was most noticeable when using the minimum (non-moldboard) system of autumn tillage (surface tillage for soybeans, winter wheat, barley and chisel plowing for spring rapeseed).