The importance of forensic techniques for the organization of a preliminary investigation

Activities for the disclosure and investigation of various types of crimes are very multifaceted. In criminal proceedings, in order to fulfill the tasks facing the investigator in the fight against crime, it is advisable to systematically use a variety of methods and tools offered by such science as criminology. Persons who come to investigative work, as a rule, receive the first information about forensic support and its application in practical activities related to the disclosure and investigation of crimes, while still being cadets. However, due to the lack of sufficient knowledge and skills, many young specialists do not dare to actively apply all the scientifically-based information and recommendations that are being developed by the science of criminology and, in particular, such a section of it as criminalistic methodology. The authors’ attention was drawn to the problems of using the “final product” of all criminology in the activities of the preliminary investigation bodies - private forensic investigation techniques, which are typed systems of methodological (scientific and practical) recommendations for the organization and implementation of disclosure, investigation and prevention of certain types of crimes. Their generalization and analysis contributes to the development of recommendations for the organization of the investigation of any type of crimes, contributes to improving the effectiveness of the activities of investigators and interrogators, operatives and other law enforcement officers to combat crime. It is no secret that criminology, as a field of scientific knowledge, has emerged and is developing for the needs of the practice of combating crime, serves to increase the effectiveness of this fight, solving the problems of prevention, suppression, disclosure and investigation of crimes. But with all the seemingly elaborate effective forensic recommendations, many problems remain unresolved, or cause difficulties in application. In the article, based on the theoretical foundations of criminalistics, general provisions and the content of forensic techniques, an attempt is made to draw attention to the fact that the basis (foundation) of ensuring proper organization and effectiveness of the investigation is the need to study specific forensic techniques.