Sowing method and seeding rate significance in the generative traits formation in buckwheat varieties

The purpose of research: to identify the effect of sowing methods and seeding rates on the formation of generative organs in buckwheat varieties in the forest-steppe zone of the South Minusinsk District. The experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 OPH Kuraginskoe. The predecessor is sowing oats. The objects of study were 2 varieties of buckwheat: Zemlyachka (SRI Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa), Zhdanka (OPH Kuraginskoe); 2 sowing methods (row: row spacing 15 cm; inter-row - 30 cm) and 3 seeding rates: 2.5; 1.8 and 1.2 million viable seeds per 1 ha. The area of the plots in the experiment was 250 m2, in triplicate. Significant genotypic differences in the number of inflorescences and fruits per plant, grain weight from 1 plant were received. Weather conditions during the growing season had a significant impact on the formation of the number of flowers in the inflorescence and on the plant, the number of fruits and grain weight per plant, and the realization of flowers into grains. Significant phenotypic variability caused by vegetation conditions was obtained by the number of flowers in the inflorescence (68.8 %) and per plant (28.5 %), the realization of flowers in grains (48.8 %), the weight of grain per plant (35.5 %). Seeding rates have a significant effect on the formation of the number of fruits (51.8 %) and inflorescences (25.6 %) per plant, grain mass per plant (37.4 %). The lowest values were found for all studied traits at a seeding rate of 2.5 million, the highest - 1.2 million viable seeds per 1 ha. The method of sowing significantly affects the formation of the number of inflorescences and fruits per 1 plant, flowers per inflorescence and the mass of grain per 1 plant. The best values in terms of the number of inflorescences (18.3 pcs.), flowers per inflorescence (36.2 pcs.), grain content (63.8 pcs.) and grain weight per plant (1.76 g) were given by the intercropping method compared with the row seeding.The best values for the number of inflorescences (18.3 pieces), flowers in inflorescence (36.2), graining (63.8 pieces) and weight of grain per plant (1.76 g) gave the intercropping method compared with the row seeding. Percentage of realization of flowers into grains in the studied years ranged from 7.4 to 14.4 %, seeding rate - 9.2 to 12.2 %. Percentage of flower realization into grains in both varieties correlates positively with GTC of the first (r = 0.599…0.622) and second decade of June (r = 0.659…0.759), second decade August (r = 0.585…0.599), negatively with second decade of July (r = -0.509…-0.523). The studied varieties have different reactions to the main meteorological factors in terms of the number of flowers in the inflorescence and the mass of grain per plant.