Age fluctuations of the musculation of bull-calves simmental breed and its crosses with meat simmental and charolias

Автор: Ertuev M.M., Prokhorov I.P., Pikul A.N.

Журнал: Вестник аграрной науки @vestnikogau

Статья в выпуске: 5 (44), 2013 года.

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Materials on learning of a growth form and developing of separate muscles, a muscular tissue various anatomical ranges and the hulk as a whole buttresses of Simmental breed and its crosses with meat Simmental and charolias are given.

Simmental, charolias crosses, musculation pulp, average daily increase

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/147124110

IDR: 147124110

Текст научной статьи Age fluctuations of the musculation of bull-calves simmental breed and its crosses with meat simmental and charolias

The varied demands to quality of meat have led to that for last decades the age of slaughter of animals has considerably shrunk, concern to animal husbandry of meat breeds which one biological singularity is capability to intensive build-up of a muscular tissue without excessive bailment of grease was increased. In this connection it is necessary to note, that last decades at realisation of crossing cross popularity of the ex-Italian breeds, including charolias breed which one attracts specialists large sizes was considerably increased. Animals of this breed rather late-ripening, are capable to splice the long-term season a muscular tissue without an intensive adipopexis, have high energy of growth. Other perspective specie for utilisation in industrial cross considers meat Simmental which one on meat productivity does not yield to the ex-Italian breeds. To Simmental meat phylum the deficiency of charolias breeds - difficulty of calvings is to a lesser degree generic. It is known, that the extent of evolution of a musculation, the basic ingredient of the hulk, in many respects hallmarks meat. In this connection presents scientific and practical concern learning of a growth form and muscular tissue developing in whole and separate bunches of muscles for bull-calves of a parent material and its crosses with the meat. Growth and skeleton and muscles developing were learnt, as a rule, by anatomists and physiologists out of linkage with meat productivity of animals, it is more paying attention to absolute and selfrelative pulp of a skeleton and its separate parts in the various age seasons and at a miscellaneous feeding level. The principle of learning of a musculation was analogous. Individual jobs [1,2,3,4,6,7] are devoted learning of growth and muscular tissue developing. Thus it is necessary to note, that these jobs are devoted learning of separate large muscles or of their bunches, and conducted, as a rule, at a mean level of feeding [1,4,7] though it is known, that only at enough high level of feeding implementation of hereditary potential of animals to growth and musculation build-up is ensured. Growth of separate muscles and all musculation of the hulk of bull-calves is influenced as a whole by specie, feeding, an age, sex, etc., and it makes practically impossible to determine a fraction of agency of any one factor. However practically all authors are uniform in judgement, that the largest muscles differ livelier growth. As increasing of meat productivity of large horned stock is conditioned growth and in musculation pulp, true job is devoted learning of a growth form and developing of separate muscles, a muscular tissue of various anatomic ranges and the hulk as a whole bull-calves Simmental breed and its crosses with meat Simmental and charolias at their intensive cultivation and fattening.

MATERIAL AND METHODS OF PROBES

This scientific-economic experience is held in the SSU Tula in the Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture of Russian Agricultural Academy . For realisation of experiences 3 bunches of bull-calves on 15 goals in each have been seeded and formed. Making up of bunches parentages spent a method of fallow-analogues with allowance for, ages and pulps at a birth. In the first (test) bunchsimmental breed, bull-calves have been included in the second and third (skilled) bunches - accordingly bull-calves 1 / 2 thoroughbredness on meat simmental (W × SM) and charolias (W ×) to breeds from cross of cows Simmental breed with buttresses of the indicated meat breeds. Experiences spent from a birth before 18 month age. Animals of all bunches were in equal conditions of feeding and a contents. Calfs from a birth before take-off in 7-month's age cultivated on technics of a beef cattle husbandry. The contents of calfs before the second half of May was stable. Further till October of the cow with calfs were on a pasteurage. After take-off of young plants from mothers the technics envisions a stabling on a tie. The feeding level of experimental young plants was intensive and is counted on rates of ALL-Russian Institute of Husbandry for obtaining of average daily increments of 1000-1100 g and reachings of alive pulp at the age of 18 MTH of 550-600 kgs. The count of the consumed feedstuff spent every 3 months by weighting of the preset feedstuff and their rests. An increase of alive pulp of bull-calves checked by monthly weighting. Test slaughters have been conducted on the Tula meatpreserving factory. At a birth it has been killed on 1 bull-calfe from each bunch, at the age of 6 and 12 MTH - on 3 heads, in 15 and 18 MTH - accordingly on 5 and 4 goals. After realisation of test slaughters in 15 month age of the basic experience (5) fattening remained on 4 bull-calfe in each bunch has been prolonged. The commitment was thus put to learn age fluctuations of morphological makeup of hulks, growth and evolution muscular, futty and osteal cloths. After a trade analysis of the hulk directed to a frozen locker where them stood within 24-72 hours at the temperature of 0 ± 4 °С. For determining of regularities of age fluctuations of pulp of a muscular tissue manufactured fiber preparing and determining of pulp of each muscle to within 1 of the left half carcass. On the basis of absolute data ABT pulp of muscles the selfrelative pulp of muscles (the pulp expressed in percentage to all pulp of probed muscles) has been calculated their average 4 each bunch, and also. Total mass of a musculation of anatomic ranges determined summation of pulp of each muscle which is going into this bunch. Carefully abjointed and separately noted a contents of subcutaneous and intermuscular grease. 4 a group on anatomic departments and performances of growth of muscles used P.A.Glagolev's classifying (1964) and A.I.Akaevsky (1968).

EFFECTS OF PROBES AND THEIR ARGUING

Intensive cultivation on technics of a beef cattle husbandry and a feeding high level in the subsequent age seasons have ensured high intensity of growth of bull-calves of all bunches. The alive pulp шаролезских crosses at a birth was the greatest (41,8 kgs) and exceeded that contemporaries of 1 and 2 bunches accordingly on 8,0 (Р 0,05) and 11,1 % (Р 0,01). Mixed bull-calves of 2 bunches in all age seasons, behind exclusion at a birth, exceeded animals of a reference group on alive pulp, however the variance on rate of this index was minute. Sharolezsky crosses in all age seasons differed a high pure gain and considerably exceeded on alive pulp of contemporaries of two other bunches. So, the variance in alive pulp at the age of 3 MTH between charolias crosses and bull-calves of 1 and 2 bunches has compounded 11,3 and 8,6 kgs (Р 0,05), and at the age of 6 MTH -accordingly 24,2 (Р 0,001) and 14,4 kgs (Р 0,01). In the end of the skilled season charolias crosses have attained pulp of 620,6 kgs, and they on rate of this index exceeded contemporaries of 1 and 2 bunches accordingly on 57,5 (Р 0,001) and 36,6 kgs (Р 0,01). During experience average daily increments for bull-calves of a parent material have compounded 957 g, and for crosses of 2 and 3 bunches - accordingly 971 and 1056. At realisation of test slaughters it is fixed, that the pulp of the fresh-killed hulk charolias crosses in 12, 15 and 18 month age has attained pulp accordingly 240,0; 303,6 and 355,4 kgs, that on 24,9; 39,2 and 50,8 kgs more than for contemporaries of a parent material (Р 0,01 - Р 0,001). Mixed bull-calves of 2 bunches on rate of this index occupied an in-between position. In tables 1-5 the absolute and selfrelative pulp of all musculation of half carcasses, including musculation pulp on anatomic ranges are reconciled.

From tables it is visible, that with the years animals the absolute weight of a musculation of all anatomic ranges was augmented. The total mass of muscles of half carcasses of bull-calves Simmental breed in 6-month's age was augmented, in comparison with that of neonatal calfs on 43,59 kgs, or in 6,1 times, and at the age of 12, 15 and 18 MTH - accordingly on 64,73; 80,93 and 100,35 kgs, or in 10,03; 12,30 and 15,01 times. Mixed bullcalves of 2 and 3 bunches considerably exceeded contemporaries of a parent material on intensity of growth of a musculation of hulks.

Table 1 - Absolute (gr) and selfrelative (%) pulp of a musculation of half carcasses (at a birth)

Musculation	Simmental		Simmental Beef		Simmental/Charolias
Musculation	gr.	%	gr.	%	gr.	%
The common bundling	1223	17.07	1185	16.89	1382	16.68
Rachis	1148	16.02	1117	15.93	1289	15.55
Thorax	313	4.40	320	4.56	372	4.50
Abdominal wall	357	4.99	340	4.86	401	4.84
The axial	3041	42.44	2962	42.25	3444	41.54
Breast belt	426	5.98	415	5.93	491	5.92
Shoulder ranges	422	5.88	411	5.88	484	5.83
Forearms	305	4.27	314	4.45	366	4.43
Pelvic girdle	505	7.05	485	6.93	600	7.24
Hip ranges	1835	25.61	1825	26.03	2215	26.72
Anticnemion ranges	514	7.17	495	7.06	584	7.05
The surface-type	4007	55.92	3945	56.28	4740	57.18
The subcutaneous	117	-	103	1.59	106	1.28
The common	7165	100.0	7010	100.0	8290	100.0

Table 2 - Absolute (gr.) and selfrelative (%) pulp of a musculation of half carcasses (6 MTH)

Musculation	Simmental		Simmental Beef		Simmental/Charolias
Musculation	gr.	%	gr.	%	gr.	%
The common bundling	7193	16.50	7598	16.12	8284	16.21
Rachis	7287	16.72	7832	16.61	8376	16.38
Thorax	1882	4.32	2044	4.34	2145	4.20
Abdominal wall	3203	7.35	3314	7.03	3714	7.27
The axial	19565	44.88	20788	44.10	22519	44.06
Breast belt	2352	5.40	2622	5.62	2831	5.54
Shoulder ranges	2314	5.31	2498	5.30	2671	5.23
Forearms	1421	3.26	1605	3.40	1679	3.29
Pelvic girdle	3588	8.23	3791	8.04	4044	7.92
Hip ranges	11022	25.28	12256	26.00	13352	26.13
Anticnemion ranges	2528	5.80	2785	5.91	3107	6.08
The surface-type	23225	53.27	25557	54.21	27687	54.18
The subcutaneous	806	1.85	795	1.69	899	1.76
The common	43596	100.0	47140	100.0	51105	100.0

So, a musculation growth coefficient as the ratio of its pulp in the certain age seasons 2 that of newborns, for crosses of 2 bunches at the age of 6, 12, 15 and 18 MTH has compounded accordingly 6,72; 11,24; 14,43 and 16,97, and for charolias crosses - 6,16; 10,19; 13,04 and 16,34. It has been above displayed, that charolias crosses differed from contemporaries of two other bunches the greatest rates of average daily increments, an absolute weight of increments, alive pulp and pulp of a common musculation in the end of each age season. However, if to judge intensity of build-up of a musculation on a growth coefficient mixed bull-calves of 2 bunches favourably differ from contemporaries of two other bunches. The originating contradiction speaks that influences rate of this index not only musculation pulp in the certain age seasons, but also its rate for neonatal bull-calves. In this connection it is necessary to note, that the pulp of a musculation of half carcasses for crosses of 2 bunches at a birth was the least (7,01 kgs), and they yielded on rate of this index to contemporaries of 1 and 3 bunches accordingly on 0,155 and 1,280 kgs.

Table 3 - Absolute (gr.) and selfrelative (%) pulp of a musculation of half carcasses (12 MTH)

Musculation	Simmental		Simmental Beef		Simmental/Charolias
Musculation	gr.	%	gr.	%	gr.	%
The common bundling	13133	18.27	14317	18.17	15539	18.40
Rachis	12380	17.22	13466	17.08	14546	17.22
Thorax	3435	4.78	3736	4.74	3777	4.47
Abdominal wall	5336	7.42	5996	7.61	6353	7.52
The axial	34284	47.69	37515	47.60	40215	47.61
Breast belt	4435	6.17	4744	6.02	4933	5.84
Shoulder ranges	3638	5.06	4332	5.49	4539	5.37
Forearms	2020	2.81	2325	2.95	2272	2.69
Pelvic girdle	5176	7.20	5798	7.36	6326	7.49
Hip ranges	17461	24.28	19025	24.14	20560	24.34
Anticnemion ranges	3681	5.12	3830	4.86	4197	4.97
The surface-type	36411	50.64	40054	50.82	42827	50.71
The subcutaneous	1205	1.67	1243	1.58	1415	1.67
The common	71900	100.0	78812	100.0	84457	100.0

Table 4 - Absolute (gr.) and selfrelative (%) pulp of a musculation of half carcasses (15 MTH)

Musculation	Simmental		Simmental Beef		Simmental/Charolias
Musculation	gr.	%	gr.	%	gr.	%
The common bundling	16411	18.63	18728	18.51	21556	19.94
Rachis	15585	17.69	18516	18.30	19144	17.71
Thorax	4625	5.25	5068	5.01	5285	4.89
Abdominal wall	6739	7.65	8106	8.01	8312	7.69
The axial	43360	49.22	50418	49.84	54297	50.23
Breast belt	5520	6.26	6080	6.01	6333	5.86
Shoulder ranges	4764	5.41	5463	5.40	5858	5.42
Forearms	2238	2.54	2549	2.52	2475	2.29
Pelvic girdle	6131	6.96	6902	6.82	7350	6.80
Hip ranges	20481	23.25	23438	23.17	25039	23.16
Anticnemion ranges	4193	4.76	4663	4.61	4702	4.35
The surface-type	43327	49.18	49095	48.53	51757	47.88
The subcutaneous	1413	1.60	1645	1.63	2046	1.89
The common	88100	100.0	101158	100.0	108100	100.0

Data analysis of an absolute weight of a musculation of half carcasses and various anatomic ranges has displayed, that between group differences on these indexes for neonatal bull-calves are minute. However the heightened growing capacity of mixed bullcalves of 2 and 3 bunches contributed in livelier growth of a muscular tissue, and they at the age of 6 MTH on pulp of this ingredient of the hulk exceeded contemporaries of a parent material accordingly on 3,554 and 7,510 kgs. In subsequent, in process of growth and developing of experimental bull-calves, the variance in rate of this index was augmented and at the age of 15 MTH has compounded 13,06 and 20,00 kgs, and in the end of the skilled season - 11,43 and 27,96 kgs. The superiority of crosses on pulp of a muscular tissue of various anatomic ranges of half carcasses, except for a forearm and antinomian musculation, over contemporaries of a parent material was proportional to excess on rate of total mass of a musculation.

Table 5 - Absolute (gr.) and selfrelative (%) pulp of a musculation of half carcasses (18 MTH)

Musculation	Simmental		Simmental Beef		Simmental/Charolias
Musculation	gr.	%	gr.	%	gr.	%
The common bundling	19937	18.53	22178	18.64	26812	19.79
Rachis	18803	17.48	20898	17.57	23799	17.57
Thorax	5312	4.94	5563	4.68	7140	5.27
Abdominal wall	7375	6.86	9912	8.33	10612	7.83
The axial	51427	47.81	58551	49.23	68363	50.46
Breast belt	6408	5.96	7067	5.94	7596	5.61
Shoulder ranges	5764	5.36	6389	5.37	7288	5.38
Forearms	2981	2.83	2806	2.36	3063	2.26
Pelvic girdle	7733	7.19	7954	6.69	9533	7.04
Hip ranges	25896	24.08	27685	23.28	30846	22.79
Anticnemion ranges	5003	4.65	5703	4.79	5959	4.40
The surface-type	53785	50.07	57604	48.43	64285	47.45
The subcutaneous	2303	2.12	2785	2.34	2823	2.08
The common	107515	100.0	118940	100.0	135471	100.0

Agency of buttresses charolias breed has expressed in capability of mixed breed intensively to splice a muscular tissue and to a lesser degree to depone grease. The absolute weight of a common bundling musculation, a muscular tissue of a rachis, range of a hip and a breast belt charolias crosses in the end of the skilled season has compounded accordingly 26,81; 23,80; 30,85 and 7,60 kgs, that on 34,5; 26,6; 19,1 and 18,5 % more than for contemporaries of a parent material. Mixed bull-calves of 2 bunches on an absolute weight of a musculation of the indicated anatomic ranges of hulks occupied an in-between position. As in our country, and abroad, multiple probes for the purpose determination of crossing differences on a runout of is natural-anatomic departments of the hulks most valuable, on character of allocating of a musculation on anatomic ranges are carried out. Effects of these probes bear that meat breeds, in difference of cattle of a milk and combined direction of productivity, differ the best developing of those anatomic ranges from which one gain the most valuable in the nutritious and mercantile ratio. However there are less the jobs claiming about a likeness in allocating of muscles on anatomic ranges of hulks of animal various species and phylum of a constitution. Data analysis of our probes has displayed, that between group differences in selfrelative pulp of a musculation of anatomic departments of hulks of experimental animals in the various age seasons are minute. So, the selfrelative pulp of a musculation of a rachis of animal compared bunches in the end of the skilled season fluctuates in breaking points from 17,48 B4 17,57 %; hip ranges - from 22,79 B4 24,08; a breast belt - from 5,94 B4 6,01; common bundling muscles - from 18,53 B4 19,79 %. Between group differences in selfrelative pulp of a musculation in other anatomic ranges of hulks with the same name are minute too.

CONCLUSION

Charolias crosses had a heightened growing capacity (an average daily increase during experience of 1056 g against 957 for Simmental bull-calves), their alive pulp in 18 MTH has attained 620,6 kgs, and pulp of the fresh-killed hulk - 355,4 kgs, and they on rate of these indexes exceeded contemporaries of a parent material accordingly on 57,5 and 50, 8 kgs. (Р 0,001). Mixed bull-calves of 2 bunches on all indexes occupied an in-between position.

On an absolute weight of a musculation of half carcasses in the end of the skilled season charolias crosses exceeded contemporaries of 1 and 2 bunches accordingly on 27,96 and 16,53 kgs, or on 26,0 and 13,9 %.

Between group differences in selfrelative pulp of a musculation of anatomic departments of hulks of experimental young plants in the various age seasons are minute.

Список литературы Age fluctuations of the musculation of bull-calves simmental breed and its crosses with meat simmental and charolias

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