Frontex as an instrument of the European Union migration policy: current challenges

The article delves into to the review of the activities of the Institute of Migration Policy of the European Union - Frontex agency. This agency has been under consideration since its creation in 2005, taking into account the transformation of its powers and the expansion of its business practices. The author emphasizes that the context of the institute’s development is superimposed on the deterioration of the migration situation in the EU, and the expansion of the scope of its activities becomes a consequence of the development of the migration crisis. In response to current challenges, Frontex was granted additional powers in 2015, including the authority to conduct special operations for migration control and to organize the registration, detention, and expulsion of migrants. However, the agency’s practices post-2015 have faced significant criticism for both their low effectiveness and their infringement on human rights. Given that Frontex is a key institution in the EU’s migration policy framework, the assessment of its performance, based on statistical data related to the current migration crisis, reveals a troubling lack of effectiveness. This analysis underscores the urgent need for further transformation of European migration policy to address the ongoing challenges effectively. The findings presented in this article contribute to the discourse surrounding the efficacy of Frontex and the broader implications for migration governance within the European Union.