Agrobiological assessment of varieties and breeding numbers of chickpeas of domestic and foreign breeding in the conditions of Western Siberia

Currently, the world's population is experiencing a shortage of food products, especially with protein. The total protein deficit in the world is estimated at about 25, and in Russia - at 1 million tons per year. Leguminous crops play an important role in solving this problem, and chickpeas in arid regions. The experimental work was carried out in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region on meadow-chernozem soil in 2013-2015. The purpose of the research is to assess the adaptability, productivity and quality of grain varieties and breeding numbers of chickpeas of various origins in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. It has been established that for the conditions of the region, chickpea is the most promising leguminous, because it differs from peas widely cultivated in Siberia in increased resistance to drought, lodging and good workability when harvested for grain. Chickpea varieties of domestic selection are the most adaptive, environmentally plastic and productive: fodder Krasnokutsky 123 (1.36 t/ha) and food Volgograd 10 with a yield of 0.74 t/ha of grain. Canadian breeding numbers have a longer growing season (120-128 days), at low temperatures and abundant moisture, they are capable of regrowth, flowering, prolongation of the growing season and grain ripening. Their grain yield is 30-71% less than that of domestic varieties. Varieties and numbers of chickpeas in terms of fat collection from a hectare are 21-213% higher than peas, especially of domestic breeding, in which it reaches 44-75 kg/ha. However, in terms of protein collection, they are significantly (by 46-67%) inferior to peas, with the exception of the Krasnokutsky 123 variety.