Agrobiological indicators of introduced varieties of black currant in the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region

Currant is one of the most valuable berry crops. It has a high content of vitamins and biologically active substances in berries. According to the content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), this culture occupies one of the first places. The studies were carried out in the educational and scientific-production laboratory “Gardening” of the educational-experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University in 2018-2019. The objects of research were 13 varieties of black currant: Bylinnaya, Sophia, Ruslan, Rea, Fortuna, Pilot, Globus, Sibylla, Slavyanka, Valovaya, Bariton, Mermaid, Black Stork. Studies have shown that the passage of the phenophases of blackcurrant depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, weather conditions and agricultural technology. After winter, minor damage to the branches was noted in the varieties Sophia, Sibylla, Pilot, Slavyanka, Valovaya - 1 point; in the variety Fortuna, the freezing of branches was 2 points. Varieties react differently to wintering conditions. The desiccation of the branches was 1 point for the varieties Bylinnaya, Sofya, Ruslan, Sibylla, Slavyanka, Bariton, Mermaid, Black Stork. Freezing of generative buds in varieties on annual wood ranges from 0.7 (Pilot) to 30.9% (Baritone). A slight freezing of the generative buds on annual wood is observed in the varieties Sophia (0.9%), Ruslan (1.0%). On wood of the second year, a significant freezing of the kidneys is observed in the Bariton variety - 63.6%, in the other varieties this indicator ranges from 5.2 (Fortuna) to 23.5% (Slavyanka). The percentage of useful ovary in 2019 was almost 2 times lower compared to 2018, this is due to low night temperatures and high daytime air temperatures during the flowering period, as well as return frosts, which fell to -40°C during the end of flowering. Less than 50% of the useful ovary is observed in 5 varieties (Bylinnaya, Sofya, Ruslan, Rea, Globus), in other varieties this indicator ranges from 50.9 (Gross) to 63.2% (Mermaid). The yield of blackcurrant varieties depends on the weather and climatic conditions of the year and ranges from 0.2 (Baritone) to 1.5 kg (Epic) in 2019, and from 2.6 (Pilot) to 6.6 kg per bush (Sibylla) in 2018.