Enzyme activity of the nitrogen cycle of agrichernozem in conditions of transition to minimum processing technologies

The purpose of research is to reveal the effect of plowless soil loosening on the nature of the transformation of the fractional composition of easily hydrolysable nitrogen compounds. Observations were carried out at the stationary site of LLC “OPKh “Dary Malinovki” of the Sukhobuzimsky District in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The object of research was ordinary chernozem, medium-humus, medium-thick, heavy loamy on red-brown clay. During the growing season, soil samples were taken three times from layers 0-10, 10-20 cm by randomization. The following variants of experience were studied: 1) dump (st); 2) minimal (disking); 3) flat-cut cultivation. In 2017, the land was cultivated according to the type of early fallow, and in 2018, spring wheat of the Novosibirskaya-31 variety was sown at the experimental station, and in 2019, barley of the Acha variety was sown. The level of protease activity of the soil of the studied variants was assessed as high. The value of proteolytic activity was maximum on the soil cultivated with a mouldboard plow. Surface tillage with disc implements determined a significant decrease in protease activity in the 0-10 cm layer by the end of the life cycle of spring wheat. On the other hand, loosening with a flat cutter contributed to a significant increase in protease activity in the 0-10 cm layer. The use of flat-cut cultivation was accompanied by an increase in urease activity, mainly in the subseed layer. The use of disk tools significantly weakened the level of urea hydrolysis and shifted its maximum by a layer of 10-20 cm.