Activity of RNA and DNA synthesis in cellular organelles of agricultures as related with heterosis

In some agricultural species ( Cucumis sativus L., Solanum melongena L., Zea mays L.) the author estimated the features of hereditary apparatus rearrangement in heterotic hybrids in comparison with parental forms on basis of content of nucleic acids in nucleus, mitochondrion and chloroplast. Such complex approach to investigation of functional state of cellular genome permits to obtain more complete presentation of realization of activity these structures during heterosis effect. So, DNA content per one cell in leaf’s tissue in all hybrid combinations was higher than in parental varieties. The number of cells per unit of square of leaf surface was lesser, while the size of one cell was larger. In heterotic hybrids both mitochondrions and chloroplasts may contribute to increasing of cell energy-supply. Probably, that it is manifestation of complementarity of coordinated action of genetic systems of these cellular organelles. One can suppose that in case of increased load on nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genetic system of plant cell, the hybrid, which has raised energy-supply for biosynthesis of plastic matter, develops the high heterosis effect. The revelation of general mechanisms of functioning of genetic apparatus in hybrid forms of different agricultural crops permit to recommend the determination of DNA content in somatic cell for prediction of heterosis.