Actor in international relations: a subject or a state in the role of a subject

The relevance of the article lies in the analysis of the controversial issue of actors in international relations, which regularly arises in scientific circles. Specifically, it aims to resolve the question of whether the true actor in international relations is the individual subject or the state. The central argument posits a dualistic perspective, emphasizing the interdependent nature of individuals and society as essential elements for analyzing international relations. Conclusion regarding the dual nature of the aforementioned concepts introduces novelty to the methodological framework for further research into events and conflicts, providing an additional tool for forecasting. The article consistently and argumentatively removes the contradiction, who really acts as an actor in international relations and what is it about when they say in the news agenda: “The government has decided”.