Algorithm for describing the fishing of population of the southern taiga in the Irtysh area using archaeological and ethnographic data

The paper summarizes the materials on fishing obtained during the archaeological and ethnographic research of the Tara's Tartars and Russian Siberians in the southern taiga of the Irtysh area in 1993-2019 by a team of Omsk scientists under the leadership of N. A. Tomilov. The current situation on the analysis offishing of the ancient and medieval population by the Russian scientists is considered. Information is provided on the main vectors of its study by archaeologists, ethnographers and, in part, ichthyologists. It is noted that researchers pay attention to different aspects of fishing, so the results of their work are difficult to correlate with each other. The author has developed a matrix for describing the fishing system, which includes fishing grounds, fishing calendar, commercialfish, fishing tools, and means of transport forfishermen. A retrospective method of describing the fishing system is provided. It has been tested in the study of ethnographic and archaeological complexes of the Siberian Tatars and the Russian Siberians. Based on the most complete data on this type of economy, contained in ethnographic and statistical data, supplemented by the data from geography and ichthyology, the scientist initially creates a modern system of traditionalfishing. Of course, we are not talking about industrial methods of fishing that once existed in the Irtysh fish factories. This system can be extrapolated to earlier epochs, for example, the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 19th centuries. The missing data can be supplemented with materials of archaeological excavations to the fullest possible restoration of the studied system. Then the cycle repeats. The possible depth of the proposed retrospection is the middle of the second millennium AD. This is due to the fact that the ethnographic and archaeological complexes of the aborigines have been studied at this chronological depth.