Allergy to cannabis pollen in a changing world

Globally, the family of Cannabaceae (hemp) - dicotyledonous plants of the order Rosaceae Rosales (formerly the order Urticales nettle) includes two allergenic genera, namely: hemp and hops. It is estimated that only one male cannabis flower produces about 350,000 pollen grains, and if the plant includes hundreds of flowers, then it gives a lot of pollen in the air, carried far enough. Given that marijuana is legalized as a light drug in many countries, the effects of Cannabis on health, including allergies, are coming to the forefront of medical research and interest. As an aeroallergen, hemp pollen causes allergic rhinitis, allergic keratoconjunctivitis, hypersensitive pneumonitis and exacerbation of bronchial asthma symptoms. Cannabis is one of the oldest cultures of mankind, and records of its use in food, fiber, medicine and intoxication date back more than 6,000 years. Until 1965, hemp was grown in Kyrgyzstan as a technical crop for the production of bags, twine and ropes. The Pasture Department of the Ministry of Agriculture suggests returning to the cultivation of cannabis, and as the agricultural cannabis industry grows, Cannabis sativa may also become a more serious aeroallergen. According to the State Drug Control Service, now wild cannabis grows in the country on an area of 2,617 hectares, which is equal to the area of 12 Monaco. Hemp pollen is not among the top ten global aeroallergens, but it has common features: small size, similar morphology, high pollen production. The purpose of the presented article was to conduct palynomorphological studies of native cannabis pollen, classify the identified teratomorphoses and evaluate the standardized contribution of cannabis to the aerobic situation. Biomonitoring of cannabis pollen from various observation points in Kyrgyzstan using light and scanning electron microscopy revealed 4 types of teratomorphoses of varying degrees of complexity: 1) deformation; 2) perforation; 3) fragmentation; 4) complex changes in the sculptural elements of the exina surface. Using a standardized pollen contribution index, the potential contribution of Cannabaceae pollen to the aerobic situation of observation points in Kyrgyzstan was assessed. It is based on the following indicators: the timing of flowering, the size of pollen grains (polar axis and equatorial diameter), the abundance of growing species in the region and pollen production.