Analysis and Comparison of Radio Propagation Models For Lora in the Context of the Industrial Internet of Things: Limitations, Prospects and Applications

The article presents an analysis and comparative study of existing radio signal propagation models used in LoRa technology in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The main factors affecting the quality of communication, including medium parameters and equipment characteristics, are considered. Empirical, deterministic and stochastic models such as MED, ITU-R, Two-Ray, Close-In, Floating Intercept and others are reviewed with emphasis on their applicability in industrial environments. Special attention is paid to the limitations of existing models and the need to adapt them to improve the accuracy of coverage prediction and communication reliability in LoRa networks. The paper emphasizes the relevance of creating complex models that take into account the physical, geographical and technical features of the environment to optimize IIoT networks.