Analysis of the use of the grain-harvesting machinery at different stages of the operating lifetime (on the example of the Orel region)

The article analyzes the change in the park of grain-harvesting machinery in the Russian Federation in recent decades and the reasons for the increase in the load on it. It considers the availability of grain harvesting equipment for agricultural producers in the Oryol region, the dynamics of its quantitative composition, the reasons for the current situation and the prospect of reequipping the combine harvester fleet in the context of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food for 2013-2020. The changes in the composition of the fleet according to the place of production of the machinery and the cost of maintaining it in the working condition at various stages of its service life by type and location of costs are analyzed: maintenance and measures of both the preventive system and the elimination of the consequences of failures depending on the location failure - nodes and units of technological working bodies (header and threshing-separating device), or engine and transmission. As an object for cost analysis, grain harvesters of imported production were used, which operated at an agricultural enterprise of the Oryol region for seven years. It has been established that with service hours up to 2.5 thousand hectors, the cost of eliminating the consequences of failures associated with engine and running gear wear with service hours up to 6 thousand hectares is comparable to the cost of maintenance, and the largest item of expenditure falls to eliminating the consequences of failures of technological working bodies, largely due to conditions operation. The share of domestic harvesters in the composition of the grain harvesting equipment of the fleet of the Oryol region in the last decade declined significantly and now it is less than 50%, while the manufacturers of Belarusian machinery have significantly improved their positions.