Analysis of the history of formation, genealogical structure and productivity of the Holstin cattle herd FSBSI FSC LGC

Analysis of the genealogical structure of dairy cattle breeds is currently relevant due to the decrease in breeding resources of Holstein sires. The dynamics of the genealogical structure should be considered in a hysterical and modern aspect. The work analyzes the history of formation, genealogical structure and productivity of the Holstein cattle herd of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FSC LGC. Classical analytical and zootechnical methods were used. It has been established that the livestock bred at the enterprise have different origins. In the herd, when crossing, they used Black-and-White German cattle, Jersey cattle and Black-and-White Holsteins. Each of these breeds influenced the productive traits of the next generations. As a result of the targeted use of semen from Holstein sires from 2000 to 2008, the herd was widely represented by crosses of different generations - from 12.5 to 75.0% in approximately the same proportion. In the period from 2009 to 2012, up to 40-45% of the herd were animals with a blood share of up to 50-75% Holsteins and higher. If in 2016, 718 cows of the dairy herd had Holstein blood of 76.7%, then by 2021-2022 it increased to 93-97%, and the total number of daughter cows with Holstein blood of 87.5% and higher reached 300 heads, 48% of the dairy herd's cow population reached a blood level of 93.75% for Holsteins and above. As of 01/01/2022, the herd of the Reflection Sovereign 198998 line owned 408 heads of broodstock, of which 111 heads were classified as first-calf heifers, and 189 heads as heifers of all ages. The line Vis Back Ideal 1013415 included 522 heads of breeding stock, of which 103 were first-calf heifers, 80 were heifers of all ages. 156 animals were assigned to the M. Chieftain line 95679, 27 of which were first-calf heifers. There were no significant differences in the live weight of heifers from birth to 18 months. The 700 cows taken into account outperformed their mothers in the first lactation by 788 kg of milk, 0.03% fat, 34.7 kg of milk fat, 0.03% of protein and 26.5 kg of milk protein. In terms of milk yield for 305 days of the first lactation, superiority in the V.B. line. Ideal amounted to 976 kg of milk, in the R. Sovereign line - 377 kg of milk. A superiority in fat content in milk was obtained from first-calf cows of the M. Chieftain line of 0.08%. The highest milk yields were in mothers of the R. Sovereign line and in proband cows (daughters) of the V.B. Ideal line. In general, we can conclude that it is necessary to breed and select animals along lines on the farm, however, this work requires more attention and detailed analysis for each selection trait when selecting sires.