Analysis of the Causes of the Eyeball Enucletions for Different Periods of Time in a Comparative Aspect in the Republic of Mordovia

Introduction. Despite the advances in ophthalmic surgery, eyeball enucleation remains a necessary operation for a number of severe ocular pathologies. The analysis of its dynamics and causes helps to assess the effectiveness of the ophthalmological care system and the evolution of eye diseases. The aim of this study is to analyze the causes and frequency of eyeball removal during the periods 1986–1995 and 2014–2023, and to compare the obtained data between these two decades. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 561 medical records of patients with various diseases who underwent enucleation at the Republican Ophthalmological Hospital in Saransk during the periods 1986–1995 and 2014–2023 was conducted. Statistical data processing was performed using a significance criterion (p-value < 0.05). Results. The total number of operations decreased 10-fold (from 510 to 51 cases). In 1986–1995, the leading cause of enucleation was end-stage glaucoma, while in 2014–2023, it was intraocular neoplasms. The proportion of traumatic injuries as a reason for eye removal decreased from 23 to 12%. Discussion and Conclusion. The development of new technologies for surgical methods of eyeball preservation, along with earlier diagnosis of ocular diseases and trauma, and the availability and timely provision of qualified medical care, are the primary reasons for the reduction in enucleations in ophthalmology. The obtained data on the frequency and causes of eyeball enucleation indicate an increase in ocular neoplasms in recent years.