Анализ расхождений в оценке справедливой стоимости по МСФО и РСБУ

At present, fair value is increasingly used in IFRS for the valuation of assets and liabilities. This is due to the fact that for investors who are users of reporting on international financial accounting standards, information about the current value of both individual assets and liabilities and companies as a whole is highly important and significant. Such information allows investors to make the right investment decisions, since fair value provides a more objective basis for assessing the economic benefits that the company's assets can bring in the future.

In RAS, the main method of valuation for most items of accounting continues to be historical cost accounting. Of course, some PBUs now (in the light of the declared convergence with IFRS) use the concept of current market value, which in certain cases is recommended for use. But in RAS, the application of the current market value for the valuation of assets is significantly less common than the fair value in IFRS. Examples include:

• •    reflection of financial investments at the current market value, if it can be determined (PBU 19/02, paragraph 19);

• •    recognition of the current market value as the initial value of fixed assets, inventories, financial investments received free of charge (under a gift contract) (PBU 6/01, paragraph 10, PBU 5/01, paragraph 9, PBU 19/02, paragraph 13);

• •    bringing the value of stocks to the current market value in case of a decrease in their value below the market value (RAS 5/01, paragraph 25).

While IFRS with the release of the new IFRS 13 "Fair Value" has a single guidance on measurement of fair value and valuation techniques, there is no such single notion of current market value in RAS.

For the purposes of PBU 19/02, «the current market value of securities» means their market price calculated in the established manner by the organizer of trading on the securities market", for the purposes of PBU 05/01, the current market value means the amount of money that can be received in the result of the sale of reserves, in PBU 6/01, there is no definition of current market value.

Thus, currently the existence of significant differences in the methods for estimating fair value under International Financial Reporting Standards and Russian Accounting Standards is evident. Nevertheless, in the light of the declared policy of convergence between RAS and IFRS, these discrepancies will be expected to decline.