Analysis of the state and development prospects of harrow hoes for universal row-crop tractors

In modern agricultural production, spike (rotary) harrows-hoes with frontal disk arrangement have become quite widespread. The issues of the general arrangement of such tools have not been considered in modern scientific literature, and therefore the purpose of the presented study is to analyze the designs of modern harrow hoes and formulate proposals for their further improvement. Analysis of test reports of six rotary hoes submitted for testing at the country's MIS from 2015 to 2024 showed that the considered tools operate at an average speed of about 13,8 km / h, providing a soil loosening depth of 4,2- 5,8 cm, with a specific fuel consumption of 1,1-1,8 kg/ha. All of them were aggregated with universal row-crop tractors, one (BMR-12) was produced in a trailed version, all the others were produced in mounted ones with a working width close to six meters. The reduced weight of the implements varied in the range from 128 to 208 kg/m. Mounted implements had a number of advantages over trailed analogues, but at the same time their limited working width did not allow to fully load the power means aggregating them. In this regard, the study proposed a transverse and angular folding scheme of harrow hoes, allowing to use two fundamental approaches to their design: a mounted implement with a working width of 7,5 m and a transport dimension (in width) of about 2,5 m, which will allow the tractor with the implement to move on public roads; a mounted hoe with a working width from 7,5 to 12,0 m and a transport dimension of up to 4 m (taking into account travel on field roads only).