Analysis of the Current State and Trends in the Field of Pharmacological Hepatoprotection

Introduction. Hepatic disorders constitute a significant global health challenge, underscoring the critical need for effective therapeutic strategies. Hepatoprotective agents play a pivotal role in management; however, their efficacy is frequently constrained by pharmacokinetic limitations. The objective of this review is to provide a systematic analysis of contemporary approaches to hepatoprotection, encompassing an evaluation of existing pharmacological classes, combination treatment regimens, and emerging directions, such as the application of nanotechnology to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic potential of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Materials and methods. A review and analysis of contemporary scientific literature pertaining to liver disease epidemiology, the classification of hepatoprotective agents, and the application of nanotechnology for the enhancement of their bioavailability was conducted. The literature search was performed across the PubMed, Springer Link, and eLibrary databases, with selection criteria limited to relevant publications from the past decade. Results. Despite the diversity of hepatoprotector classes with distinct mechanisms of action, their clinical efficacy is often constrained by low bioavailability. Analysis reveals that the most promising strategy to overcome these limitations is the application of nanotechnology to create targeted drug delivery systems. Discussion and conclusion. Current evidence indicates a lack of a universally effective hepatoprotective agent, with many combination regimens requiring further investigation. There is a demonstrated need both to optimize existing therapeutics through nano-engineering approaches and to continue the search for novel pharmacologically active compounds.