Analysis of morbidity and mortality from esophageal cancer in the Tyumen region in comparison with the Russia and the Ural federal district for the period from 2008 to 2017

The article deals with the main issues of the epidemiology of esophageal cancer in the Tyumen region, the Russian Federation and the Ural Federal district for the period from 2008 to 2017. The incidence of esophageal cancer in 2008 was 2.86 per 100,000 population. This indicator was increased by 1.5 times and amounted to 4.17 per 100,000 population in 2017. The percentage of patients detected at prophylactic examinations also was increased by 4.5 times (from 3% in 2008 to 13.2% in 2017). Detection of esophageal cancer in the early stages over the past years was increased from 6% in 2008 to 19% in 2017. The one-year mortality rate was decreased from 62.3% in 2008 to 57.8% in 2017. Mortality from esophageal cancer in the Tyumen region was decreased and was 3.07 per 100,000 population in 2008 and 2.42 per 100,000 population in 2017. The analysis of statistical data indicates an increase in “gross” incidence rates of esophageal cancer in the Tyumen region in 2017, which may be due to the unfavorable direction of demographic processes in the population due to the “aging” of the population. At the same time, the marked decrease in mortality rates is explained by an increase in the level of oncological alertness of general practitioners, timely detection and adequate treatment of esophageal cancer and a decrease in the frequency of errors in assessing the prevalence of the tumor process.