Anaplastic thyroid cancer: current state of the problem

Objective: to summarize current data on anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), one of the most aggressive forms of solid tumors. Material and Methods. A scientific literature review was conducted using the Medline, Cochrane Library, and E-library databases, primarily focusing on studies from the last 10 years. Out of 153 articles, 45 were selected for this review. Results. The primary clinical manifestations of ATC are associated with compression of structures in the neck, rapid growth, and the development of distant metastases. Although surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, it is often unfeasible due to the advanced stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis. Targeted therapy for BRAFV600E-muted ATC shows encouraging results and is considered a promising strategy for improving survival outcomes. Conclusion. This review highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of ATC, with a focus on surgery and neoadjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant therapy may improve the prognosis for patients with unresectable tumors at the time of diagnosis. Further research is required to refine optimal treatment strategies and enhance the efficacy of existing therapies.