Anatomical features of the structure and the topography of the thyroid gland according to data of the autopsy

By the looking at data from literature frequency of postoperative complications at surgical treatment thyroid diseases remains high. The aim of our study was to explore anatomical features of thyroid and parathyroid, position of recurrent laryngeal nerve and cervical part of lymphatic duct for decrease risk of their intraoperative damage in surgical treatment of thyroid. Study was done on 213 autopsy. In the injury evaluated size and quantity of retro-thyroid processes and Zuckerkandl tubercles; quantity, shape, size and location of parathyroid; position of recurrent laryngeal nerve and its relationship by trachea-esophagus fissure; relationship of cervical part of thoracic lymphatic duct and variants of its venous channel. In study of neck organ's complex we determinate that in 48% of cases on posterior surface of thyroid lateral lobes there are different sizes retro-thyroid processes which more seen in upper third level of lateral lobes. There are 2 to 6 parathyroid in 89,3% of cases...