Anatomical and histological features of the structure of the kidneys in chicken cross “Hisex white and mallard

The purpose of this study is to compare the anatomical and histological features of the structure of the kidneys in birds living in different conditions. The objects of the study were the carcasses of chicken cross Hisex White and mallard. The kidneys of birds are paired organs compressed in the dorso-ventral direction, located on the ventral surface of the sacrum and divided into three lobes: cranial, middle and largest caudal. In mallard, the cranial lobe is small and round-oval in shape, while the middle and caudal lobe are larger and square in shape. Chickens have an oval-shaped cranial lobe, square-shaped middle and caudal lobe, and a heart-shaped accessory lobe of kidneys. The caudal lobe is the largest one. During the morphometric study, it was noted that in mallards the linear indicators of the kidneys are significantly higher than in chickens. The average weight of the kidneys to the total body weight of mallards is 9.44 ± 0.20 g, this figure is significantly higher (by 43.4%) than that of chickens - 4.10 ± 0.11 g. The lobes of the kidneys are represented by lobules having a pyramidal shape. In the mallard, the kidney lobule consists of cortical and medulla zones equal in thickness. The volume of the cortical substance is 50-52%, and the medulla is 48-50%. The ratio of cortex to medulla in a chicken is 80-85% to 15-20%, respectively. The cortical substance consists of renal corpuscles. Each renal corpuscle consists of a Bowmanʼs capsule and a vascular glomerulus. Both zones are represented by two types of nephrons: numerous mammary and reptilian, located in the medulla and intermediate zone of the kidney.