Angiogenesis in adipose tissue under physiological conditions and in obesity (review)

Objective: to analyze current literature data on the role of endothelium in the development of micro- and macroangiopathy in obesity. Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly vascularized endocrine organ. Functional relationship between endotheliocytes and adipocytes is regulated by the paracrine pathway. AT generates adipokines, biologically active substances with pro- and anti-angiogenic activity, cytokines. The imbalance of these factors causes a violation of the angiogenesis process, resulting in the formation of functionally immature vessels and endothelial dysfunction, which underlie a number of diseases. When writing this review, we analyzed 50 scientific papers received in the following databases of the RSIC, CyberLeninka, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine and PubMed databases from 2013 to 2021 using the following keywords: "angiogenesis", "obesity", "adipocytes", "endotheliocytes", "vascular endothelial growth factor", "pro-and antiangiogenic factors", "endothelial dysfunction". As a result of the analysis, it was shown that endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity, causing the development of micro- and macroangiopathies in adipose tissue. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interaction between adipocytes and the vascular endothelium in obesity will contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches that reduce the risk of obesity-associated endothelial dysfunction.