Malocclusion and dental growth disorders: diagnostic criteria or clinical manifestations of hereditary connective tissue disorders?

Currently, hereditary connective tissue disorders (HCTD) are divided into hereditary syndromes - rare diseases that are diagnosed according to internationally agreed criteria (Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, Stickler, Loeys-Dietz syndromes, and others), and a number of dysplastic phenotypes (marfanoid habitus, marfan-like and Ehlers-like phenotypes, benign joint hypermobility). The involvement of the bone system in the dysplastic process is typical for most HCTD. The bone signs of dysembriogenesis include malocclusion and dental growth disorders. The article presents an overview of current recommendations for a number of HCTD, assesses the role of facial signs of dysembriogenesis in the diagnostic algorithms for these diseases. A rather low prognostic value of such signs as malocclusion and dental growth disorders in the detection of hereditary syndromes and dysplastic phenotypes is shown. The clinical manifestations of HCTD in the maxillofacial region are analyzed - the frequent detection of different types of the malocclusion and dental growth disorders in HCTD is demonstrated. The difficulties of orthodontic treatment of patients with hereditary syndromes are substantiated.