Approbation of the model and assessment of the pathological picture of dosed acute traumatic brain injury

In recent years, the incidence of traumatic brain injury has increased significantly, closely related to the increase in the number of high-speed vehicles and other associated factors. The problem of diagnosis and effective treatment of open craniocerebral injuries is one of the most important for emergency physicians and neurosurgeons in providing timely qualified assistance, and is also of interest for studying pathological processes that prevent the development of their complications. The purpose of the study was to create a model of dosed open craniocerebral injury using experimental animals and to assess the dependence of anatomical and functional disorders on the degree of brain damage. In laboratory white rats, the traumatic impact was carried out through a trepanation window with a diameter of 3,5 mm, while maintaining the dura mater. The brain of all animals was examined using a BioSpec 70/30 USR magnetic resonance tomograph on the 9th day after injury and by neurohistological methods. Morphometric measurement of the amount of damage on the 9th day after exposure showed the dependence of the increase in damage to brain structures on the force of impact. Histological studies also confirmed the direct dependence of the volume of brain damage on the magnitude of the damaging factor. Modeling of acute craniocerebral injury also revealed a correlation between the lethality of animals and the magnitude of the damaging factor. With longer follow-up periods, the model makes it possible to evaluate the therapeutic effect of pharmacological drugs and choose the most effective method of treatment. The phenomenon of the presence of exofocal foci with ischemic damaged neurons in the contralateral (intact) hemisphere detected by neurohistological methods was noted. The formation of such ischemic lesions is explained by the development of post-traumatic edema of the brain tissue, which leads to displacement of the subcortical structures and compression of the marginal vessels. The results of the study prove the direct dependence of the morphological picture observed in the brain in acute traumatic brain injury on the degree of exposure to the damaging factor.