Authorization and manipulative parenthetical constructions

The article discusses material that in traditional grammars refers to parenthetical words and sentences. It is shown that different types and forms of parenthetical words are the result of two different strategies. The first strategy lowers the status of the matrix predicate and turns it into an auxiliary indicator of modality (non-assertiveness): I think he was offended - He, I think [≈ probably], was offended. Such indicators can be adverbial (apparently, most likely), or they can be verbal forms - dumayu (‘I think’) = 1st person; dumaesh' (‘You think’) = 2nd person. The verbal forms express not only modality, but also authorization: On, dumayu, pridet (‘He, I think, will come’) vs. On, dumaesh', pridet? (‘Do you think he will come?’). The second strategy is the contamination of two constructions: they are the statement (message) of the speaker and the manipulative, which can have an interrogative expressive intonation and has the function of influencing the addressee: Verish' [?], gazety nekogda chitat' [RNC] (‘Do you believe, there is no time to read newspapers’). If such a manipulative appears at the end of a sentence, a punctuation conflict arises - a question mark is placed, although the sentence is affirmative: Otkazalsya paren' s nami ekhat', predstavlyaesh'? [RNC] (‘The guy refused to go with us, can you imagine?’). 2nd person verbal forms verish', predstavlyaesh', znaesh', ponimaesh' (‘you believe, imagine, know, understand’) are used as manipulatives, but the form dumaesh' (‘you think’) is impossible in this function.