The bestiary of fable in the 20th century Kalmyk literature. Article one

Among fifty fables featuring animals, birds, and insects, the least attention was paid by the Kalmyk poets to ichthyological and insecticidal characters. The relevance of the article is determined by the lack of knowledge of the bestial aspect of the fable in the 20th century Kalmyk poetry. The author's target is the bestial material with characters primarily from the world of fish and insects on the samples of the representative fables by M. Erdniev, G. Shalburov, B. Dordzhiev, D. Kugultinov, T. Bembeev, S. Baidiev, M. Khoninov. The purpose of the article is to identify the specific and quantitative composition of ichthyological and insecticide characters in the plot of the selected fables, to reveal the features of the conflict and the dialogic strategy of the authors, to determine the structure and function of the maxim or morality in the didactics of the genre, to show the connection between the literary fable and national folklore, namely a fairy tale, a proverb, as well as with modernity. The historical, literary, comparative and comparative approaches have shown the following: 1) there are no fantastic creatures in the fables, just ordinary representatives from the world of fish (predatory and non-predatory, rivers and seas), from the world of insects (the gadfly, the fly, the ant, the dragonfly), in addition, the worm and the frog; 2) the conflict conveys the opposition: truth and lies, good and evil, power and impotence, the sublime and the base, word and deed, stupidity and wisdom, greed and selflessness; 3) the production theme is associated with meetings, courts, careerism; 4) typologically, the Kalmyk fables, while retaining their originality, partially correlate with the Russian fable classics.