Biochemistry and biology of four wild garlic onions samples in culture in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The pape presents the data of a study of 6 samples of wild garlic onion, which were carried out in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2018-2022, (Bashkir Cis-Urals, northern forest-steppe). Plantings of A. ochotense accessions (Syktyvkar and Irkutsk) are located in an open sunny area, plantings of the Syktyvkar accession A. victorialis are located in an open area and in the shade, plantings of A. microdictyon, A. ursinum and A. victorialis (VILAR) are in shade conditions. Biochemical analyzes were performed at the Bashkirsky Agrochemical Service Center according to generally accepted methods. The study of phenology, morphological and reproductive parameters was carried out according to standard methods recommended for botanical gardens. Studies showed that the greatest accumulation of ascorbic acid was noted in the victorious onion (Syktyvkar, 62.91 mg%), the lowest accumulation was in fine-meshed onion (Bashkortostan, 48.74 mg%), based on fresh weight. Victorious onion samples (Irkutsk, VILAR) differed in the maximum content of the following most important biologically active substances: carotene (1.68-2.89 mg/100 g), dry matter (22.81-25.23 %), crude fat (1 .04-1.13 %), protein (3.69-4.38 %), nitrogen (0.59-0.70 %), sugar (4.34-4.79 %), starch (0.41-0.95 %), potassium (0.36-0.4 %), phosphorus (0.11-0.12 %), calcium (0.08-0.09 %) and copper (1.09-1 .65 mg/kg) (based on fresh weight). The content of the minimum amount of the following biologically active substances was noted in bear onion (VILAR): dry matter (10.91 %), crude fat (0.50 %), protein (1.81 %), nitrogen (0.29 %), sugar (2.20 %). In the conditions of the sharply continental climate of the Republic of Bashkortostan, wild garlic onion samples are winter hardy, not damaged by pests and diseases. Seed productivity is satisfactory, vegetative propagation and general condition is good. Out of six samples of four types of wild garlic onion, the samples of A. victorialis have the highest indicators in terms of the content of biologically active substances. The studied samples of wild garlic are promising plants for cultivation in the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as in the South Ural Region. This allows us to recommend them for expanding the range of useful (vitamin) and ornamental plants.