Bioecological, morphological, chemical features and significance of Valeriana officinalis L., growing in the Shaki region of Azerbaijan

The article is devoted to the study of bioecological and morphological features of Valeriana officinalis L., growing in the Sheki region of Azerbaijan, as well as the assessment of its medical value. The study analyzed the bioecological features of valerian. Valerian belongs to light-loving plants (heliophytes) and develops best in open, well-lit areas. At the same time, it has a certain shade tolerance, especially in the initial phases of growth, which allows it to grow successfully in diffused light. Due to this, valerian can be found both in meadow areas and in sparse forests, on forest edges and forest clearings. The plant prefers moderate climatic conditions and demonstrates high resistance to low temperatures. It is able to tolerate short-term frosts and successfully overwinter under snow cover. natural growing conditions of the plant, including climatic and soil-ground factors affecting its development and phytochemical composition. The warm, moderately humid climate of the Sheki region promotes active growth of lemon balm, causing a high content of biologically active substances - essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids. Morphological observations showed the presence of characteristic features: pubescent leaves with a serrated edge, a tetrahedral stem and small two-lipped flowers of a whitish-pink hue. Particular attention is paid to the medical value of the plant. Based on literary data and local ethnobotanical experience, it has been established that valerian has a calming, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effect. It is widely used in folk and official medicine in the treatment of neuroses, insomnia, gastrointestinal disorders and colds. The data obtained emphasize the feasibility of further study and rational use of lemon balm in pharmacological and phytotherapeutic practice.