Естественные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Autecology of species belonging to the Falco family spreading in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The article provides information on the autecology of species belonging to the Falco genus spreading in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. From the conducted research, it was found that 7 species of the genus Falconidae of the Falco family are found. Also, from the research it is clear that 2 species of birds belonging to the Falco genus are wintering, 1 species is migratory, 3 species are nesting, and 1 species is sedentary.
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Статья научная
In the presented article, the species included in the Pimpinella L. genus, common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, were studied, and it was found that 11 species of the genus were found in the study area. P. anisum L., one of these species, is cultivated. The article also reflects the bioecological characteristics and areas of use of species belonging to the genus. According to the literature and our research, species belonging to the genus are valuable spices and are used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetics, food, and confectionery industries. The studied species are widespread in the types of vegetation of the foothills, plains, and lower, middle, and upper mountain belts of the region.
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Статья научная
The article provides detailed information about the bioecological characteristics of species belonging to the genus Potentilla L. within the Rosaceae family, which are spread across the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Our research, analysis of collected herbarium materials, and comparative review of literature sources have shown that the genus Potentilla is represented by 17 species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and the current status of these species is also reflected in the article. The studied species are perennial, biennial, or annual herbs and can be found in fields, fallow lands, meadows, forests, shrubs, dry slopes, as well as in the lowland and mountain regions. Based on our research, species of this genus are not only valuable medicinal plants but are also widely used in decorative, food, fodder, and phytomeliorative activities. Additionally, the species Potentilla argentea is of particular importance as a plant that also produces nectar and pollen.
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Bioecology of Nematodes of Ruminant Animals of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The article presents the species composition, extensiveness and intensity of nematode parasitism in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The gastrointestinal system of sheep infected with nematode invasion contained 11 nematode species (Ostertagia marshalli, O. trifurcata, O. occidentalis, O. circumcincta, O. ostertagi, Haemonchus contortus, Gongylonema Pulchrum, Trichostrongylus ovis, T. skrjabini, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger). The distribution of the identified species was extensive: Ostertagia marshalli (32%), O. trifurcata (0,4%), O. occidentalis (14,6%), O. circumcincta (26,6%), O. ostertagi (10,6%), Haemonchus contortus (9,3%), Gongylonema pulchrum (5,3%), Trichostrongylus ovis (13,3%), T. skrjabini (16%), Nematodirus spathiger (14,6%), N. filicollis (16%)It was noted that the most common gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants in our republic are Trichostrongylus ovis (25,3) и Trichostrongylus skrjabini (16%).
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Biomorphological and ecological analysis of the flora of the Caspian coast
Статья научная
The biomorphological and ecological structure of plant species on the coast of the Caspian Sea is presented. The coastal flora encompasses a range of life forms, with herbaceous plants (45.5%) being the most prevalent. Biomorphological classifications indicate that therophytes, hemicryptophytes, and cryptophytes are the dominant groups. Based on ecological grouping, most plants belong to mesophytes (40.7%) and psammophytes (23.0%), reflecting the adaptation of the local vegetation to the climate and soil characteristics of the area. This diversity underscores the unique botanical composition of the Caspian coast and its ecological adaptations. The study highlights the significance of biomorphological and ecological analyses for understanding the region’s biological diversity and ecosystem balance, providing valuable insights for sustainable ecosystem management.
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Conclusions of botanical research. Discussion and analysis of the results obtained
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This scientific research presents the studies conducted from 2021 to 2025 and the results obtained from those studies. The materials of the research obtained in different years can be used in the teaching of "Systematics of Higher Plants", "Systematics of Plants", "Medicinal Plants of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic", and "Local Flora" courses in the Master's and Doctoral programs at the Biology and Biology Teaching specialties.
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Статья научная
In modern times, the study of biodiversity in the context of global climate change is becoming more and more important. The study area is the Batabat Plateau, located in the north of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, on the southern slope of the Zangezur Range. The area surrounded by the Zangezur and Daralayaz ranges has such geographical conditions that the air humidity is below normal for most of the year. Only in the summer months does the humidity increase relatively. Due to the flow of moist air entering the area through the Bichanak pass, which is a low area of the Zangezur range, the humidity of the air is relatively high, which is very important in the formation of vegetation. As a result of our research, it was found that 968 species of plants belonging to 58 families and 344 genera can be found in the flora of the Batabat plateau, and the flora spectrum of the area was prepared by us. The species of plants distributed in the Batabat plateau were analyzed according to their life forms and useful properties, and it was found that the plant groups formed by these species contain a quantity of technical medicines, fruits and berries, and other useful products that will provide a number of industries (food, medicine, perfumery, etc.). Plant groups have abundant natural resources, which are used effectively.
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Статья научная
Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a plant consisting of various species of thorny shrubs or small trees belonging to the Rosaceae family. The genus Hawthorn (Crataegus L.) has 20 species in the flora of Azerbaijan and 20 species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic: Crataegus pontica C.Koch., Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex Bieb., Crataegus meyeri Pojark., Crataegus szowitsii Pojark., Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. & Kit., Crataegus pseudoheterophylla Pojark., Crataegus cinovski Kassymova., Crataegus sanguinea Pall., Crataegus curvisepala Lindm., Crataegus caucasica C. Koch. Hawthorn species are found in various ecological zones, including mountainous, flat and semi-desert areas. The climatic conditions of each region affect the phenological stages of plant development. In the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, hawthorn is found in almost all altitude zones (800-2500 m). The greatest amplitude of distribution belongs to the species Crataegus orientalis. It is found in areas from the foothill zone to the subalpine zone (900-2250 m). In the middle zone, the species C. cinovskisii, C. szovitsii, C. Tournefortii, C. pojarkoviae and C. pontica are predominantly common. However, in some cases, the distribution zone of the species C. pontica goes down, and the species C. pojarkoviae rises to the high-mountain zone. The species Crataegus caucasica, C. rhipidophylla, C. pseudoheterophylla and C. zangezura are found almost from the low-mountain zone to the subalpine zone, and the species C. atrosanguinea and C. eriantha are found in the low-mountain and middle-mountain zone. The distribution zone of the species C. meyeri sometimes reaches an altitude of 2350 m. The flower lump of the hawthorn species, which is used as a food and medicinal plant, is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and to regulate heart rhythm. Ripe fruits are also useful for lowering blood pressure in folk medicine. The fruits and flowers of hawthorn are used in medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases, circulatory problems and high blood pressure. The plant is rich in flavonoids, antioxidants and tannins, so it strengthens the immune system and has an anti-inflammatory effect. Hawthorn is also used as an ornamental plant.
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Статья научная
In the period from 2017 to 2022, ciliated protozoa and testate amoebae were studied in freshwater ecosystems of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. 110 species of ciliates and 65 species of amoebae were identified. The species diversity of ciliates in freshwater is almost twice as high as in soil. The differences in species diversity between aquatic and soil amoebae are relatively small. The need for standardization of the methods used by researchers is emphasized. Further studies of these groups of protozoa are necessary to obtain more accurate conclusions about their ecological role, relationships, and their importance in various biological processes.
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Статья научная
The distribution of 176 plant species belonging to 27 families and 75 genera in the wild flora of the area was determined during the research conducted in Yevlakh district area in 2023-2025. A flora conspectus, identified during the research, was developed for the species, which included the taxonomic structure, life forms, geographical and areal types, ecological groups and endemism of the area’s flora. It was found that the Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Salicaceae, Polygonaceae and Rosaceae families are represented by more species in the area. The research also determined the species composition and structural characteristics of the phytocenoses found in the vegatation cover of Yevlakh district, revealing that the area’s flora includes desert, semi-desert, meadow, forest, swamp and other plant types. It was determined that recent global ecological problems, including anthropogenic factors, have a direct impact on the flora and vegetation of the area. In this regard, studying the geographical analysis of the current state of the flora in the territory of Yevlakh district creates the need for future geobotanical or phytosociological research within the area. This shows that the ongoing work is highly relevant.
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Human anthropometric indicators for the preparation of simulation models
Статья научная
Normal human anthropometric parameters are used in the development of medical rehabilitation techniques, in the performance of surgical techniques used for normal human functioning. In order to perform these operations successfully, it is necessary to model normal human physical characteristics and, based on these models, perform the operations correctly. Normal anatomical characteristics have a positive effect on the physiological state of the person. The relevance of the research stimulates the development of the science of valeology and increases the relevance and practical significance of the topic. Prosthetics of organs lost in wars and accidents are also performed on the basis of computer models. The science of digital anthropology is modeling human anthropometrics, and practically important predictions are being made based on this modeling. Digital anthropology is based on the research of modern technology to compile a database of the most diverse anthropological indicators of people. Anthropology occupies a special place in the system of scientific knowledge about the world, because it is a field of science that studies the origin, development and role of humans in nature and society. In modern medicine, mathematical and graphic modeling of human anatomical and anthropological indicators is required in all fields. Anthropometric indicators of humans are taken as the basis in surgery, military science, sports. The structure of shoulders, diaphragm, hips, face, and the age of a human being can also be defined by these anthropometric indicators.
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Impact of genetically modified organisms on human health
Статья научная
Investigates the impact of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on human health. It is noted that the use of GMOs is increasing yearly worldwide. While gene technology, which has entered our lives through the creation of genetically modified organisms, shows benefits, it also presents certain challenges. These challenges include negative impacts on distribution and balance, toxic effects on plants, difficulties in fighting pathogens due to the development of antibiotic-resistant genes, gene transfers, and an increased risk of allergic reactions due to GMOs, all of which raise relevant questions about genetically modified organisms. It is highlighted that in recent years, biotechnology and the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) developed through biotechnological research methods are among the topics of most interest worldwide. Based on the information obtained from the research, the article explores the potential benefits, harms, and risks of genetically modified organisms, their effects on biodiversity, socioeconomic and legal dimensions, as well as consumer perspectives. In conclusion, it is stated that since the opinions of scientists around the world about the benefits and harms of GMO products are not unanimous, it would be more appropriate to consider the favorable natural conditions in our country for the cultivation of agricultural products and use ecologically clean food products.
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Medicinal plants containing anthracene
Статья научная
Various types of phytochemicals are present in plant parts such as bark, stem, roots, and other plant components. The distribution, chemical composition, and use of anthracene derivative-containing plants growing in Azerbaijan were investigated. Anthraquinones can be used as agents that have an active effect against malignant tumors and stimulate immunity against new malignant derivatives. Oxy- and oxymethylanthraquinones of fennel have antispasmodic and diuretic effects, and the content of calcium and magnesium phosphates in them ensures the fragmentation and removal of urinary stones from the body. Methyloxyanthraquinone derivatives are present in the bark, leaves, shoots, and fruits of Rhamnus cathartica. Freshly picked pods contain anthraglycoside frangulioriside, which oxidizes and turns into glucofrangulin when stored in pods for 1 year. Rhubarb root and its extracts have a laxative effect, increasing intestinal peristalsis. Aloe is used for skin care.
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Статья научная
Both cultivated and wild fodder plants are the main group of plants necessary for the development of animal husbandry. Although it is impossible to give a specific number about the number of species of fodder plants in Azerbaijan, there is no doubt that their number of species is expressed in hundreds. Thus, the number of species of annual grasses in the CIS includes up to 1000 species. As it is known, some species mentioned above as fodder plants also carry other qualities. For example, corn, sunflower, wormwood, three-leaf clover, etc. plants are also medicinal plants and are used as diuretics, pain relievers, etc. in folk medicine. It is widely used as a tool with properties. At the same time, due to these properties, these plants have become the subject of various aspects (botanical, pharmacological, mycological, etc.) studies, and this situation is still ongoing.
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Physiological characteristics study of normalization of carbohydrates in food rations
Статья научная
Carbohydrates are organic substances with high energy, enter the body with food and satisfy the various needs of the human body. They enter the body mainly with plant products and are the most important source of energy. Approximately half (56-58%) of the energy needed by the body is provided by carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Here, the relationship between hydrogen and oxygen is the same as in water molecules. That is why they are called carbohydrates. During physical labor, the need for carbohydrates increases. They are also involved in plastic forming processes. Carbohydrates increase the amount of glucose in the blood and increase the amount of glycogen in the liver and muscles, being included in the composition of cells and tissues. Glucose is converted into reserve carbohydrates - glycogen, which is an energy reserve that serves to maintain the level of sugar in the blood at a normal level and ensures the stable functioning of all organ systems.
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Статья научная
Rosaceae spreading in mountain-xerophytic and steppe vegetation of Shahbuz district flora, is presented in the article. Information is given on the taxonomic composition, life forms, ecological groups, geographical area types and classes of woody species of the family. According to the researches conducted by us, when we characterized the woody species of the mountain-xerophyte and steppe zone of the Shahbuz district flora belonging to the Rosaceae family by genera, it was found that Rosa - 21 (37.5%), Crataegus - 7 (12.5%), Pyrus - 7 (12.5%), Prunus - 6 (10.71%), Sorbus - 5 (8.92%), Cotoneaster - 4 (7.14%), Rubus and Spiraea - 2 (3.57%), Malus and there is - 1 (1.78%) species of the Pyracantha genus. Shrub plants, especially woody species of the Rosaceae family, occupy an important place in the structure of Shahbuz district flora. They are part of the bush steppes, form independent groups and form unique formations.
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Special protection of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic natural areas
Статья научная
The presented article provides information on specially protected natural areas of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The environmental strategy implemented under the leadership of Heydar Aliyev since the 70s of the last centuries is successfully continuing in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic today. The article also pays special attention to the beauty of the nature of Nakhchivan and the potential of ecotourism. As a result of the research, it was found that in the past period, in order to improve the environmental situation and protect biodiversity, the negative impact on the environment was minimized, and modern technologies were used in economic development. Specially protected natural territories have been created to protect the flora and fauna species of the territories that fascinate with aesthetic beauty, ecological balance, protection and restoration of biodiversity, the uniqueness of the natural environment, rare and endangered species. The article also contains detailed information about the territories of the Ordubad State Nature Reserve, Ordubad National Park, Shahbuz State Nature Reserve, Arpachay State Nature Reserve and Arazboyu State Nature Reserve, their geographical position, flora and fauna species listed in the Red Book. also reflected. Created and protected reserves, reserves and parks are also of particular importance in terms of visibility when conducting production experiments for high school students.
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Species of the Brassicaceae Burnett. Family for the Flora of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The species of the Brassicaceae family of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan are considered. The flora of the region is characterized by 28 species belonging to 16 genera of this family. There are monotypic genera that are found only in the flora of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan: Aethionema R.Br., Alyssum L., Arabidopsis (DC.) Heynh., Arabis L., Atropatenia F.K. Mey., Asperuginoides Rauschert, Coluteocarpus Boiss., Cymatocarpus O.E. Schultz, Drabopsis C. Koch, Diptychocarpus Trautv., Erysimum L., Fibigia Medik., Isatis L., Peltariopsis N. Busch, Litwinowia Woronow and Sterigmostemum Bieb. Bioecological characteristics of these species are given.
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Study of pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Статья научная
In article the results of overview research about pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is given. Liquorice (licorice) root is derived from the inner part of the root and underground stem (rhizome) of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae, the bean family). The peeled drug is of much higher quality than the root with the bark, and is produced in several south-eastern European countries, Turkey, China and Russia. It has a very characteristic taste and smell, and is used in confectionery. The sweet taste also makes the identification of the drug relatively easy and so adulteration is uncommon. The most important bioactive secondary metabolite is glycyrrhizic acid, a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpene saponin which gives the drug its characteristic sweet taste (it is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose). Liquorice also contains numerous flavonoids (chalcones and isoflavonoids), coumarins and polysaccharides, which contribute to the activity.
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Study of the Effect of Rheum ribes L. Plant Extract on Human Lung Cancer Cells in vitro (A549)
Статья научная
An extract of Rheum ribes L. was isolated and its effect on lung cancer cells (A549) was determined. Cancer is a group of diseases in which malignant tumor cells with the potential to spread and undergo abnormal cell division break away from their original location and invade other parts of the body. According to literature and studies, rhubarb is used as an important medicinal plant. Its medicinal use is due to the presence of anthracene or its derivatives (e.g., anthraquinones) in its composition. The chemical components were isolated and studied. The effective effect of rhubarb extract on cancer cells was determined - there was a decrease in the growth of cancer cells.
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