Естественные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Статья научная
Provides information on the bioecological characteristics and modern status of species belonging to the Sylvidae family distributed in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. It was found from the research that 11 species belonging to 4 genera of the Sylviade family are found in Nakhchivan, all of which come to this area to breed and migrate in the fall after breeding. One of the main issues raised during the research was the study of the modern status of the Sylvidae. As in the whole world, the negative effects of anthropogenic factors in Nakhchivan have worsened the feeding and nesting conditions of these birds, leading to a significant decrease in their number dynamics.
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Autecology of species belonging to the Falco family spreading in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The article provides information on the autecology of species belonging to the Falco genus spreading in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. From the conducted research, it was found that 7 species of the genus Falconidae of the Falco family are found. Also, from the research it is clear that 2 species of birds belonging to the Falco genus are wintering, 1 species is migratory, 3 species are nesting, and 1 species is sedentary.
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Статья научная
In the presented article, the species included in the Pimpinella L. genus, common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, were studied, and it was found that 11 species of the genus were found in the study area. P. anisum L., one of these species, is cultivated. The article also reflects the bioecological characteristics and areas of use of species belonging to the genus. According to the literature and our research, species belonging to the genus are valuable spices and are used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetics, food, and confectionery industries. The studied species are widespread in the types of vegetation of the foothills, plains, and lower, middle, and upper mountain belts of the region.
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Статья научная
The article provides detailed information about the bioecological characteristics of species belonging to the genus Potentilla L. within the Rosaceae family, which are spread across the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Our research, analysis of collected herbarium materials, and comparative review of literature sources have shown that the genus Potentilla is represented by 17 species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and the current status of these species is also reflected in the article. The studied species are perennial, biennial, or annual herbs and can be found in fields, fallow lands, meadows, forests, shrubs, dry slopes, as well as in the lowland and mountain regions. Based on our research, species of this genus are not only valuable medicinal plants but are also widely used in decorative, food, fodder, and phytomeliorative activities. Additionally, the species Potentilla argentea is of particular importance as a plant that also produces nectar and pollen.
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Статья научная
The article describes the ecological characteristics of species of the genus Stachys L., common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. It provides information on the taxonomic spectrum and use of species of the genus Stachys L. of the family Stachyceae. There are 15 species of this genus in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The species have medical significance.
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Bioecology of Nematodes of Ruminant Animals of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The article presents the species composition, extensiveness and intensity of nematode parasitism in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The gastrointestinal system of sheep infected with nematode invasion contained 11 nematode species (Ostertagia marshalli, O. trifurcata, O. occidentalis, O. circumcincta, O. ostertagi, Haemonchus contortus, Gongylonema Pulchrum, Trichostrongylus ovis, T. skrjabini, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger). The distribution of the identified species was extensive: Ostertagia marshalli (32%), O. trifurcata (0,4%), O. occidentalis (14,6%), O. circumcincta (26,6%), O. ostertagi (10,6%), Haemonchus contortus (9,3%), Gongylonema pulchrum (5,3%), Trichostrongylus ovis (13,3%), T. skrjabini (16%), Nematodirus spathiger (14,6%), N. filicollis (16%)It was noted that the most common gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants in our republic are Trichostrongylus ovis (25,3) и Trichostrongylus skrjabini (16%).
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Biomorphological and ecological analysis of the flora of the Caspian coast
Статья научная
The biomorphological and ecological structure of plant species on the coast of the Caspian Sea is presented. The coastal flora encompasses a range of life forms, with herbaceous plants (45.5%) being the most prevalent. Biomorphological classifications indicate that therophytes, hemicryptophytes, and cryptophytes are the dominant groups. Based on ecological grouping, most plants belong to mesophytes (40.7%) and psammophytes (23.0%), reflecting the adaptation of the local vegetation to the climate and soil characteristics of the area. This diversity underscores the unique botanical composition of the Caspian coast and its ecological adaptations. The study highlights the significance of biomorphological and ecological analyses for understanding the region’s biological diversity and ecosystem balance, providing valuable insights for sustainable ecosystem management.
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Статья научная
The presented article provides information on the botanical and bioecological characteristics of some species belonging to the Cyperaceae Juss., nom. cons. family, spreading in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic territory. The studies were carried out based on generally accepted geobotanical methods from September 2024 and had a precise route and semi-stationary character. Floristic and methodological expeditions were carried out in the ecological areas of the Araz-river banks, as well as in the high and middle mountainous areas of the Sadarak, Sharur, Kangarli, Shahbuz, Julfa and Ordabad administrative districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, where the species of the family are widespread. The systematic composition of the family is given. The systematic composition of the family and description of the most common species are provided.
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Статья научная
In the presented article, the phenomenon of multiparasitism in the rock agama ( Paralaudakia caucasia Eichw., 1831) by the malarial species Plasmodium caucasica Telford, 2013, larvae of tissue nematodes from the Onchocercidae and Spirocercidae families were studied. The host-parasite relationships in animals infected by the aforementioned blood and tissue parasites, as well as the influence of these parasites on their hosts, were investigated. From 1996 to 2005, agamid lizards were captured in the semi-desert territories of Eastern Azerbaijan. Fifteen years later, the blood smears of these lizards were re-examined in light of the new findings. In one mature male rock agama, joint parasitism by plasmodia and larvae of tissue nematodes was recorded. Spirocerca lupi (Rud., 1819) (Nematoda: Spirurida) is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The canine predators may be secondary hosts for these parasitic nematodes. In general, S. lupi has a complex life cycle with both intermediate and paratenic hosts. Meanwhile, S. lupi has an enigmatic peculiarity: infection of canids from intermediate hosts is extremely limited. Probably, coprophagous beetles are the intermediate hosts, ingesting eggs that are contaminated with larvae. The male rock agama, infected by the parasites mentioned above, was very exhausted and soon died. Probably, tissue nematodes have a generalized effect on the paratenic host. The presence of a parasite in the chest of an infected animal, similar in morphology to free-living flatworms, was exciting. The second parasite found in the rock agama is the hemosporidian species P. caucasica . The area inhabited by this parasite spans a large territory from the Caucasus to Pakistan. P. caucasica is a common parasite in rock agamas and can significantly weaken them in case of mass or joint infection with various invasive agents. We described the pathogenic effect of S. lupi larvae, characterized by a general weakening leading to mortality, as well as an increase in the intensity of infection of blood cells by plasmodia compared to lizards infected only with P. caucasica . A conclusion about the interaction between parasites and hosts in rock agamas can be drawn only after a comprehensive study.
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Characteristics of steppe vegetation of Daridag
Статья научная
The article provides information about the steppe vegetation type of the Darıdag area. The study determined that the cereal-miscellaneous mountain xerophytic steppe vegetation is locally widespread at an altitude of 1500-1900 m above sea level in Darıdag. This vegetation type is primarily found on steppe brown and grey-brown soils. A distinctive characteristic of the steppe vegetation is its predominance of grasses, with a notable absence of trees, and the presence of unique plant organisms that thrive in steppe conditions. The main dominants of the subalpine groupings of true steppes characteristic of the steppes of the Darıdag area are the dense grass-forming species Festuca valesiaca , Stipa lessingiana , Koeleria pyramidata , and Agropyron pectinatum . Despite the short-rooted Bromus riparius species being characteristic of the local vegetation, the grouping formed by its dominance is very random. The steppe vegetation type in the area is classified into two formation classes, two formation groups, and 12 associations.
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Статья научная
This study assessed the ecological status of the Shahagachi coastal area (Azerbaijan, Caspian Sea) using fish as bioindicators. The study was conducted on 16 specimens of mullet (Liza saliens) and 15 specimens of kutum (Rutilus frisii cutum). A comprehensive approach was employed to evaluate the condition of the fish, including a genotoxic analysis based on nuclear aberrations in erythrocytes and a histopathological analysis of the gills. The genotoxic analysis revealed pathologies in fish erythrocytes such as nuclear deformation, invagination, and displacement, and in some cases, micronuclei. However, the level of detected pathological cells in the blood of mullet (1.65±0.06%) and kutum (2.12±0.18%) remained within the physiological reference range (<5%). Histological examination of the gills of both species showed protective and adaptive changes, such as hyperplasia, curvature, and fusion of secondary lamellae, and an uneven distribution of secondary lamellar hyperplasia; parasitic infestations were also detected.An integrated assessment of the results indicated that the studied fish populations are experiencing a state of mild physiological stress. It was concluded that the environmental conditions in the Shahagachi area, while not causing critical damage, create unfavorable background conditions for aquatic organisms, which underscores the need for further monitoring to prevent ecosystem degradation.
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Conclusions of botanical research. Discussion and analysis of the results obtained
Отчет
This scientific research presents the studies conducted from 2021 to 2025 and the results obtained from those studies. The materials of the research obtained in different years can be used in the teaching of "Systematics of Higher Plants", "Systematics of Plants", "Medicinal Plants of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic", and "Local Flora" courses in the Master's and Doctoral programs at the Biology and Biology Teaching specialties.
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Current State of Rare Plant Species on Mount Garagush of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The study area covers the territory of the Garagush Mountain of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The Garagush Mountain system (2600.5 m), one of the highest peaks of the Daralayaz range, has an absolute height of 1200‒2600 m and is located between the upper reaches of the Qabaglichay River and the village of Chalkhangala, south of the Kechaltapa Mountain. The Billavachay and Lizbirtchay rivers pass through the area. Studies have been conducted to study the biodiversity of the flora and vegetation of this area, collect materials, identify and protect rare species. Critically Endangered species have been identified in the study area, and appropriate conservation measures, proposals and recommendations have been developed.
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Статья научная
The article provides information on the geographical distribution of some wild species of the genus Allium L. distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan, as well as a detailed morphological analysis of their vegetative and generative organs. As a result of the ecological analysis, it was determined that the studied species are cryptophytes and most of them are distributed in the middle mountainous zone. In addition, considering that the wild species of the genus Allium L. we have selected have a great bioresource value, information about perspective of their use is also reflected in the article.
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Статья научная
The territory of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of the Republic of Azerbaijan is rich in fodder plants. Despite this, pastures and hayfields in livestock farms are not used for their direct purpose. This, naturally, negatively affects the development of livestock breeding. As is known, plants of legume family are rich in nitrogen. Animals grazing regularly in these areas develop various gastrointestinal tumours when eating the wet mass of the plant. For this purpose, legumes should be used as dry feed. During 2024, studies were conducted to investigate the forage and chemical composition of Vicia elegans Guss species, including its distribution. Starting from early spring months, pastures and hayfields on the territory of the Batabat plateau were surveyed, and the use of the species ‘ Vicia elegans Guss’ in animal husbandry was studied. During the study, the ratio of dry matter and protein in leaves and stems of the plant collected from the Batabat plateau was determined.
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Статья научная
The territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is very rich in vegetation. The location of the territory in a sharply continental climate zone has also had a great influence on the flora. Whether it be high mountain, medium mountain, lowland or flat areas, various groups of plants inhabit this territory. Thus, plant species with medicinal, fodder, technical, vegetable and other properties are found in our Republic. One of the most widespread families in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is the Plantaginaceae Juss. family. During my research, I studied in detail the taxonomic composition, bioecological characteristics, distribution areas and life forms of species of the Plantaginaceae family (Plantaginaceae Juss.) common in this territory. During the research, the vegetation period of all three species of the family was fully traced over a certain period (one year). It was established that species of the Plantaginaceae family (Plantaginaceae Juss.) are also widely used in folk medicine.
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Effect of plants used for whooping cough and their content of biologically active substances
Статья научная
Azerbaijan is a country with the richest medicinal resources in the world. Favorable climatic conditions, fertile soils, abundant sunlight, and sufficient water reserves create the basis for the growth of various types of valuable medicinal plants here. In the cold months, phytotherapy is used not only for treatment, but also for prevention. Among infectious diseases caused by cold weather, whooping cough prevails over others. There are enough medicinal plants and natural remedies to eliminate the main symptom of the disease, coughing and irritation caused by suffocation. The composition of plants used in whooping cough is rich in saponins, mucus, glycosides, flavonoids, and essential oils. Extracts, infusions, and cooking made from them, taken in a certain dose, increase the body's natural defenses and prevent the disease from becoming chronic. Experts have given rules on how much and in what ratio to take them. The use of fresh air in combination with phytomedicines for whooping cough is even more effective. Since treatment with phytotherapy is effective, it has been used at all times and research is constantly being conducted in this direction.
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Factors Influencing the Decline of Biodiversity in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The natural vegetation and its flora of Azerbaijan are exposed to anthropogenic influences, leading to a decrease in the number of a number of valuable plant individuals or their complete destruction. The main result of the factors affecting the reduction of biodiversity in Azerbaijan is the disruption of the ecological balance of the country, which threatens rare and endemic species. As a result of the reduction of biodiversity, the ecosystems of Azerbaijan are weakened and rare species are at risk of extinction. The sustainability of natural resources and the environment is seriously threatened. As a result of the disruption of ecosystem stability, the ability of local populations to use natural resources is limited and the resilience of ecosystems to climate change is reduced.
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Статья научная
In modern times, the study of biodiversity in the context of global climate change is becoming more and more important. The study area is the Batabat Plateau, located in the north of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, on the southern slope of the Zangezur Range. The area surrounded by the Zangezur and Daralayaz ranges has such geographical conditions that the air humidity is below normal for most of the year. Only in the summer months does the humidity increase relatively. Due to the flow of moist air entering the area through the Bichanak pass, which is a low area of the Zangezur range, the humidity of the air is relatively high, which is very important in the formation of vegetation. As a result of our research, it was found that 968 species of plants belonging to 58 families and 344 genera can be found in the flora of the Batabat plateau, and the flora spectrum of the area was prepared by us. The species of plants distributed in the Batabat plateau were analyzed according to their life forms and useful properties, and it was found that the plant groups formed by these species contain a quantity of technical medicines, fruits and berries, and other useful products that will provide a number of industries (food, medicine, perfumery, etc.). Plant groups have abundant natural resources, which are used effectively.
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Статья научная
The study of the Salicaceae Mirb. species common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic was conducted and their floristic analysis was performed. In the flora of the autonomous republic, 17 Salicaceae species belonging to 2 genera were identified, 9 species were assigned to the genus Salix L., and 8 species to the genus Populus L. Types of areas: boreal areal type (7 species), xerophilous areal type (4 species), Caucasian areal type (4 species) and desert areal type (1 species). The areal type was not determined for one species. This family is of great interest both in terms of biological diversity and ecological significance. It was established that the greatest species diversity of the family is found in the middle mountain zone, and a small part is found in the low and middle mountain zones, as well as in the subalpine zone. At present, the issues of adjusting botanical-geographical and historical plant systems, analyzing the distribution and genesis of species, and clarifying typical ranges are extremely important.
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