Biological active substances in compensation of hyperglycemia manifestations

Metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia became a big threat to the health and life of a modern person. Such factors as aging, obesity, reduced physical activity, population growth, and urbanization can gradually lead to a steady increase in the number of people with diabetes. According to IDF Diabetes Atlas, the prevalence of diabetes is expected to increase by 2035 from 382 to 471 million people. In addition to life-threatening conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hyper- and hypoglycemic coma, diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and other vascular disorders. Therefore, the search for new solutions to these problems is one of the main tasks of health care worldwide. In these conditions, researchers turn their attention to identifying natural substances that can cope with these metabolic disorders. The use of various extracts and infusions based on plant materials to compensate and prevent diabetes mellitus has been known since ancient times. Today, the pharmaceutical and food industries are developing a wide range of dietary supplements and functional foods to maintain a high quality of life and to adapt people with different manifestations of hyperglycemia. The action of the components of spice plants is based on the mechanisms of protection and restoration of pancreatic β-cells in the Langerhans islets, which allows to increase the secretion of insulin and at the same time protect the β-cell from destruction. This article is devoted to the review of the basics of spice plants and the biologically active components contained in them, allowing to compensate for hyperglycemic manifestations.