Biological and morphological adaptations of Far East forest ferns

Forest ferns are the largest group of far eastern pteridoflora. We reviewed biological and morphological characteristics of 33 forest species of the Far Eastern ferns. Specific features of this group are large strongly dissected mesomorphic fronds and dense short or long underground rhizomes. Partial dimorphism fronds species of Athyrium and Lunathyrium can be regarded as adaptation to the growth in the forest of temperate climate. Most of the Far East forest ferns are summer green plants. Winter green fronds of some ferns indicate incomplete adaptation to current climatic conditions.