Biologised protection of spring wheat against fungal diseases in conditions of the Orel region

The research was conducted in the Bolkhov district of the Orel region on dark grey forest soil in production crops. The objects of research were crops of spring wheat of Granny variety, chemical and biological means of plant protection against fungal diseases. The predecessor was red clover. Treatments against fungal pathogens were carried out in two phases during tillering and flag leaf. The spring wheat crops were affected by powdery mildew, septoria leaf spot, brown rust and fusarium head blight. The disease spread in the crops by the middle of July was 100%. The minimum degree of leaf damage by septoria leaf spot and brown rust was observed in the option Propiconazole + ciproconazole 0.5 l/ha - 2.5 points. On the options with Phytosporin - AS in doses of 1 and 2 litres/ha the damage was 1.0-1.3 points higher, which corresponds to damage above average on a five-point scale. The difference was proved statistically. The minimum damage of plants by Fusariasis of ear - 2.5 points was also observed on the variant with complex application of Propiconazole + ciproconazole 0.5 l/ha. On the other options - 3.0-3.3 points, i.e. it was average. The biological spring wheat yield was 2.86-3.35 tonnes/ha. The best indicators were obtained in the option with application of Phytosporin - AS at a dose of 2 litres/ha. Despite the fact that the degree of damage by fungal pathogens was 0.5-0.8 points higher on the variants with the use of biological means of protection, the yield on the variants Phytosporin AS, 1 and 2 l/ha significantly exceeded (3.3 and 3.35 t/ha, respectively) the control variant with propiconazole 0.5 l/ha (3.07 t/ha). Weather conditions in 2024 in the phase ‘end of earing - beginning of flowering’ provoked active development of Fusarium ear blight. Crop treatment with fungicides was not carried out during this phase of development. In addition, propiconazole is characterized by insufficient protective effect against the causative agent of spikelet fusarium.