The Future of World Politics in the Context of an Aging Population

The article analyzes the impact of global demographic aging on political processes, social priorities and international relations. With the increasing proportion of the elderly population in most countries of the world, electoral behavior is being transformed, gerontocratic tendencies are intensifying, and budget expenditures are being redistributed in favor of the social sector, which limits opportunities for reform and active foreign policy. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of demographic stability of the leading world powers (USA and China), as well as the EU countries. The paper considers strategies for adapting nation—states to the aging of the population, including pension reforms, easing migration legislation and the introduction of technologies for prolonging labor activity. The need for the formation of global demographic governance institutions, including the International Agency for Demographic Sustainability and the mechanism of intergenerational reconciliation, is highlighted. The author argues that population aging is becoming a systemic challenge of the 21st century, requiring a comprehensive, internationally agreed response at the level of both domestic and foreign policy.