Numerical modeling of radiant heat fluxes on the surface of a descent vehicle moving in the atmosphere of Venus

This study deals with the numerical modeling of the radiative heat fluxes over the surface of a new descent vehicle — the «Venera-D» lander module — during its entry into Venus’s atmosphere at the second cosmic velocity under nonequilibrium conditions. The fields of mass consentrations and tempiratures required for numerical modeling were obtained from independent computational simulations. A description of the approximation used to derive the formula for calculating radiative fluxes is provided. The results of radiative flux computations are presented as a distribution pattern over the surface of the descent vehicle. A comparative analysis of equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches for radiative flux calculations was conducted in this study. The obtained solutions demonstrate satisfactory agreement, justifying consideration of the equilibrium model as a physically substantiated simplification for this problem that provides significant computational cost reduction.