Civilizational Challenges and Threats of Modern Russia: The Problem of Classification

The article analyzes the concept of “civilizational challenge” and the problem of classifying civilizational challenges facing modern Russia. It examines the interpretations of the categories “challenge”, “threat” and “risk” as they apply to the existence and development of Russian civilization. The concept of civilizational challenges is formulated as destructive processes in the functioning and development of an original civilization and a dysfunctional state of social subsystems of civilization, weakening its geopolitical potential and viability. Threats are defined as potential destructive consequences of unresolved or not overcome challenges. Risks are considered as potential negative results of actions to prevent threats and resolve challenges. A critical analysis of alternative approaches to the classification of civilizational challenges of modern Russia is presented. A classification of challenges by elements of the geopolitical potential of Russian civilization is proposed. The main external and internal civilizational challenges of modern Russian civilization are established. A distinction is made between systemic and managerial challenges of modern Russian society.