Comparative study on soil mechanical composition in steppe zone of Mongolia plateau (on the example of inner Mongolian uzemchin - Mongolian Sukhbaatar province)
Автор: Mаntegeer, Hugejiletu Jin
Журнал: Природа Внутренней Азии @nature-inner-asia
Рубрика: Биология
Статья в выпуске: 2 (24), 2023 года.
Бесплатный доступ
Soil erosion and destruction is well known, but there are different rates of tendency of soil mechanical composition of the same region. In this paper, the same grassland regions in different countries were selected as the study area: the Uzemchin region of the Inner Mongolia, China and the Sukhbaatar province, Mongolia. The soil mechanical composition in the research area was determined through the field survey and laboratory analysis. Soil texture classifications in study area consists of clay, loamy sand, loam, sand, sand clay, sandy loam, silt, and silt loam, but the ratio of silt loam and sandy loam are significant, 48% and 25% respectively. Changes of average sand along the north-west direction from the southeast of in the research area tends to reduce, but changes of average clay tends to increase and changes of average silt tends to increase slightly. Chang of sand and clay tend to increase in the Uzemchin region of the research area along all soil layers, while silt tends to reduce in the Uzemchin region. But they tend to be stable relatively in Sukhbaatar region of the research area. Therefore, the quality of the soil mechanic composition of the research area in Mongolia is better than the research area in Inner Mongolia. However, the two regions have similar natural conditions. The differences of soil separate tendency found between Sukhbaatar, Mongolia and Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia in the research area will be analyzed in the next research.
Soil mechanical composition, steppe zone, mongolian plateau, mongolia, inner mongolia in china
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/148326749
IDR: 148326749 | DOI: 10.18101/2542-0623-2023-2-83-94
Текст научной статьи Comparative study on soil mechanical composition in steppe zone of Mongolia plateau (on the example of inner Mongolian uzemchin - Mongolian Sukhbaatar province)
Mongolian plateau is located in the mid-latitude of the Northern Hemisphere and it belongs to the internal land of the Eurasia continent. It is bounded by the Greater Hinggan Mountains in the east, the Monoi Mountains to the south, the Altai Mountains to the west, and the Sayan, Khentii and Yablonoi Mountains to the north [Wei et al., 2016]. For the territorial location it covers all territory of Mongolia, parts of the Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang autonomous region lie on the plateau in China, and the plateau forms Buryatia of the southern part in Russia.
Mongolian plateau belongs to the region of arid and semi-arid conventional climate. However it is the area with a fragile ecosystem. Soil problems are getting more serious due to the global warmth and intensive human activities influencing in the environment. Certainly very long time is required for the creation of the soil and it is a non-renewable resource, therefore it is not easy to recover if the soil erosion, deterioration and pollution are occurred. The soil properties declare such changes very clearly.
Steppe zone of the Mongolian plateau is located in the eastern part of the Mongolian plateau. This zone is the land with a wide pastureland, where nomadic Mongolian nation has been living for a long time. Uzemchin steppe of Inner Mongolia is a part of the main pastureland of China and it is the territory, which is showing an important impact in the economic development of the northern part of China. This study is made on the example of Uzemchin region of Shiliin-gol province — Munkhkhaan soum of Sukhbaatar province. The selected region is the vital area of steppe zone of Mongolian plateau (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Location of the study area
Uzemchin of Inner Mongolia and Sukhbaatar of Mongolia research area are purely utilized as grazing land, basically have the same vegetation types, weather, topography, soil, grazing (Table 1).
Table 1
Results of ecological factors in study area
|
Factors |
Study area |
N |
Mean |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Sig. |
|
altitude, m |
Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia |
29 |
947 |
811 |
1085 |
.000 |
|
Sukhbaatar, Mongolia |
25 |
1059 |
919 |
1269 |
||
|
aspect, º |
Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia |
29 |
179.14 |
15.52 |
345.10 |
.776 |
|
Sukhbaatar, Mongolia |
25 |
188.05 |
17.10 |
344.43 |
||
|
slope, º |
Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia |
29 |
0.99 |
0.12 |
3.37 |
.823 |
|
Sukhbaatar, Mongolia |
25 |
0.94 |
0.23 |
3.66 |
||
|
temperature, °C |
Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia |
29 |
1.93 |
1.26 |
2.34 |
.000 |
|
Sukhbaatar, Mongolia |
25 |
1.52 |
0.94 |
1.98 |
||
|
precipitation, mm |
Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia |
29 |
0.94 |
0.81 |
1.16 |
.927 |
|
Sukhbaatar, Mongolia |
25 |
0.94 |
0.81 |
1.12 |
||
|
wind speed, m/c |
Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia |
29 |
5.28 |
4.85 |
5.64 |
.364 |
|
Sukhbaatar, Mongolia |
25 |
5.22 |
4.92 |
5.61 |
||
|
population, n/km2 |
Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia |
29 |
2.62 |
1.76 |
3.48 |
.000 |
|
Sukhbaatar, Mongolia |
25 |
0.42 |
0.26 |
0.68 |
||
|
livestock, sheep, unit/km2 |
Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia |
29 |
47.95 |
46.93 |
48.97 |
.290 |
|
Sukhbaatar, Mongolia |
25 |
45.21 |
27.54 |
70.28 |
||
|
vegetation coverage |
Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia |
29 |
.39 |
.16 |
.78 |
.003 |
|
Sukhbaatar, Mongolia |
25 |
.55 |
.26 |
.78 |
Source: Topography (altitude, aspect, slope) was downloaded from the website ; Weather (temperature, precipitation, wind speed) was downloaded from the website ; Vegetation coverage was downloaded from the website They were processed using ENVI5.1 and ArcGIS10.3 programs. Population and livestock were obtained from Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring Authority of Mongolia and Meteorological Bureu of Shiliin-gol League in Inner Mongolia.
Soil texture indicates the relative content of particles of various sizes, such as sand, silt and clay in the soil. Chemical and physical properties of a soil are related to soil texture. Particle size and distribution will affect a soil’s capacity for holding water and nutrients. Fine textured soils generally have a higher capacity for water retention, whereas sandy soils contain large pore spaces that allow leaching [Lindbo et al., 2012]. Therefore studying and presenting transformation law of soil mechanical composition becomes important content to know about soil physical properties and it will be prerequisite to ensure sustainable soil use. In addition, Purpose of this research is to make comparative study of soil mechanical compositionin the selected study area and induce scientific ways to use properly and protect the nature.
Research materials and methods
Results of the field surveys conducted in 2015, 2016 and late July and early August 2017 were used for this research work. When obtaining soil samples, the surface area was chosen as a representative area, representing the whole area and the location of the sampling points. Areas with flat surface were selected from the entire region in order to collect soil sampling sites and the locations of sampling points are shown in figure 2. During the research, 29 samples were taken from Inner Mongolia, China and 25 samples were collected from Mongolia. Each sample was divided into 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm at the top layer of soil, taken from each three layers by using the cutting ring and 500 grams of soil was kept in each bag оf high quality.
Fig. 2. Study area and spatial distribution of the soil sampling sites
The soil samples were analyzed at the soil laboratory of College of Geographical Science Inner Mongolia Normal University for the identification of mechanical composition. The method to determine soil mechanical components was based on the Laser granule meter. Soil samples were dried in the dry condition of air, sieved out with 2 mm and purified and cleaned from the substances in the soil of each sample. Then soil texture components were measured using Laser granule meter of Mastersize-3000 brand, which was created by British Malvern Company.
Using ArcGis10.3, ENVI5.1 program, we will perform geographic location maps of the study area. Using SPSS20, Origin 17and Excel programs, analysis data and materials will be compiled and processed in the form of figures and tables. Among them, the mechanical composition of 0–20 layers is calculated by the following formula [Huo et al., 1986].
У " V V У 71 V
' У У t — soil profile level;
xt — The content of an element in the corresponding soil level;
yt — Different levels of thickness (cm);
y — Thickness of the entire soil profile (cm).
Results
Soil texture classifications of the soil layer
There are many methods of classification of soil texture composition. Currently the most common internationally using rule is soil texture triangle. In the research we also used this Rule. In the United States, twelve major soil texture classifications are defined by the USDA [Ditzler et al., 2017]. The twelve classifications are sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and clay (USDA, 1993). Soil textures are classified by the fractions of each soil separate (sand, silt, and clay) present in a soil. Classifications are typically named for the primary constituent particle size or a combination of the most abundant particles sizes, e.g. «sandy clay» or «silty clay». Determining soil texture is often aided with the use of a soil texture triangle (USDA, 1993). An example of a soil triangle is found on the right side of the page. One side of the triangle represents percent sand, the second side represents percent clay, and the third side represents percent silt. The soil triangle has been used as shown in the following table 2 and 3. In addition, soil mechanical composition influences not only in the soil water, air permeability, warmth and fertility directly, but also in the growth of the plants.
Soil texture classifications of the soil layer in Sukhbaatar (n=25)
Table 2
|
Sukhbaatar |
Layers of soil (cm) |
Soil separate (%) |
Soil textures |
||
|
Clay (<0.002 mm) |
Silt (0.05-0.002 mm) |
Sand (2-0.05 mm) |
|||
|
1 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.25 0.99 0.28 |
38.96 71.3 39.23 |
59.8 27.72 60.46 |
sandy loam silt loam sandy loam |
|
2 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.43 2.04 0.82 |
57.56 53.17 76.7 |
41.03 44.8 22.46 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
3 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
4.52 8.66 7.98 |
34.71 36.12 39.66 |
60.77 55.24 52.39 |
sandy loam sandy loam sandy loam |
|
4 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
12.19 16.11 15.18 |
63.95 70.01 70.72 |
23.87 13.87 14.09 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
5 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
4.29 8.12 8.17 |
39.97 52.72 47.81 |
55.7 39.13 44 |
sandy loam silt loam loam |
|
6 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
3.11 6.01 3.13 |
25.66 34.58 8.83 |
71.23 59.41 88.02 |
loamy sand loamy sand sand |
|
7 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
5.82 7.52 10.08 |
57.84 62.18 60.06 |
36.33 30.33 29.86 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
8 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
9.7 12.9 10.93 |
63.38 53.27 25.78 |
26.91 33.87 63.3 |
silt loam silt loam sandy loam |
|
9 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
5.94 3.74 6.16 |
61.93 27.56 46.87 |
32.17 68.72 46.98 |
silt loam sandy loam sandy loam |
Table 2 continued
|
Sukhbaatar |
Layers of soil (cm) |
Soil separate (%) |
Soil textures |
||
|
Clay (<0.002 mm) |
Silt (0.05-0.002 mm) |
Sand (2-0.05 mm) |
|||
|
10 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
6 . 91 5 . 52 12.18 |
60 . 75 33.29 68 . 71 |
32.38 60 . 9 2 19 . 11 |
silt loam sandy loam silt loam |
|
11 |
0-5 5-10 10 - 20 |
4 . 36 5.26 8 . 01 |
40 . 98 32.13 55.47 |
54 . 69 62.69 36 . 53 |
sandy loam sandy loam silt loam |
|
12 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1 . 69 2 . 01 2 . 15 |
26 . 06 13 . 91 3 3 . 53 |
71 . 5 7 84 . 08 64.3 |
loam y sand sand sandy loam |
|
13 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
4.39 5.66 5.96 |
51 . 22 63 . 92 70.7 8 |
44 . 41 30 . 41 23 . 27 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
14 |
0-5 5-10 10 - 20 |
4. 34 11.15 5 . 98 |
39. 02 62.06 45.2 |
56.61 26.74 48.64 |
sandy loam silt loam sandy loam |
|
15 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
5.3 5 . 54 8 . 31 |
61.4 41 . 06 71.84 |
33.3 5 3 . 38 19 . 87 |
silt loam sand y loam silt loam |
|
16 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
4 . 5 2 6 . 13 8.11 |
5 9 .8 7 36 . 72 48 |
3 5 . 65 57 . 12 43 .8 9 |
silt loam sandy loam loam |
|
17 |
0-5 5-10 10 - 20 |
9.12 10.24 10. 58 |
70 . 11 72.81 6 5. 09 |
2 0 . 76 16.94 24.37 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
18 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
10.16 16.78 12.22 |
70 66 . 31 83 . 24 |
19 . 8 7 16 . 91 4.54 |
silt loam silt loam silt |
|
1 9 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
6.11 7 . 95 8.44 |
69.11 68.58 75 . 26 |
24.77 23.47 1 6 . 33 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
20 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
5.26 7.88 9.83 |
65.78 65.33 74.42 |
28.96 26.77 15.74 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
21 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
3.87 3.31 3.2 |
38.73 29.56 24.47 |
57.39 67.14 72.39 |
sandy loam sandy loam loamy sand |
|
22 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
6.04 11.71 9.22 |
58.43 6 6 . 11 68.55 |
35.52 22.2 22.21 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
23 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
4.71 7.43 11.19 |
54.47 49.47 59.15 |
40.8 43.09 29.64 |
silt loam loam silt loam |
|
24 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
4.93 2.83 2 . 67 |
49.88 23.67 22.6 |
45.17 73.49 74 . 73 |
sandy loam loamy sand loamy sand |
|
25 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
3 . 75 7.7 7 . 2 1 |
26 . 58 46.9 39. 8 8 |
69 .6 9 45.38 52 .8 8 |
sandy loam loam sandy loam |
Table 3
Soil texture classifications of the soil layer in Uzemchin (n=29)
|
Uzemchin |
Layers of soil |
Soil separate (%) |
Soil textures |
||
|
(cm) |
Clay (<0.002 mm) |
Silt (0.05-0.002 mm) |
Sand (2-0.05 mm) |
||
|
0-5 |
0.6 |
60.56 |
38.86 |
silt loam |
|
|
1 |
5-10 |
0.39 |
54.26 |
45.33 |
silt loam |
|
10-20 |
0.46 |
64.15 |
35.4 |
silt loam |
|
|
0-5 |
1.31 |
17.9 |
80.76 |
loamy sand |
|
|
2 |
5-10 |
2.17 |
19.92 |
77.89 |
loamy sand |
|
10-20 |
1.88 |
19.66 |
78.45 |
loamy sand |
|
|
0-5 |
1.5 |
15.53 |
82.97 |
loamy sand |
|
|
3 |
5-10 |
0.86 |
16.72 |
82.46 |
loamy sand |
|
10-20 |
1.89 |
18.05 |
80.05 |
loamy sand |
|
|
0-5 |
2.48 |
35.56 |
61.95 |
sandy loam |
|
|
4 |
5-10 |
4.04 |
47.02 |
48.94 |
sandy clay |
|
10-20 |
1.85 |
20.91 |
77.22 |
loamy sand |
|
|
0-5 |
0.73 |
58.64 |
40.61 |
silt loam |
|
|
5 |
5-10 |
0.78 |
69.83 |
29.38 |
silt loam |
|
10-20 |
0.75 |
76.07 |
23.15 |
silt loam |
|
|
0-5 |
1.02 |
63.55 |
35.44 |
silt loam |
|
|
6 |
5-10 |
0.56 |
64.86 |
34.57 |
silt loam |
|
10-20 |
0.68 |
67.61 |
31.73 |
silt loam |
Table 3 continued
|
Uzemchin |
— Layers of soil (cm) |
----------------------------Г^------------------- Soil separate (%) |
Soil textures |
||
|
Clay (<0.002 mm) |
Silt (0.05-0.002 mm) |
Sand (2-0.05 mm) |
|||
|
7 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
0.39 0.36 0.33 |
42.88 47.3 46.55 |
56.73 52.31 53.09 |
clay sandy clay sandy clay |
|
8 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.77 1.71 0.18 |
24.75 15.07 6.63 |
73.47 83.2 93.19 |
loamy sand loamy sand sand |
|
9 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
2.25 1.97 1.12 |
17.29 12.85 7.2 |
80.48 85.15 91.67 |
loamy sand sand sand |
|
10 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
0.4 0.48 0.23 |
39.76 50.65 33.25 |
59.86 48.87 66.5 |
sandy loam sandy loam sandy loam |
|
11 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
0.79 0.63 1.77 |
62.5 59.89 54.78 |
36.72 39.49 43.45 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
12 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.54 0.9 0.53 |
48.16 61.55 60.93 |
50.26 37.55 38.55 |
sandy loam silt loam silt loam |
|
13 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.12 0.58 0.28 |
59.62 46.24 26.57 |
39.28 53.2 73.12 |
silt loam sandy loam loamy sand |
|
14 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
0.49 0.46 0.26 |
35.44 49.92 49.03 |
64.05 49.61 50.73 |
sandy loam sandy loam sandy loam |
|
15 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.8 2.06 3.23 |
24 23.61 41.25 |
74.2 74.35 55.51 |
loamy sand loamy sand sandy loam |
|
16 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
0.39 0.4 0.27 |
36.89 36.65 43.36 |
62.7 62.95 56.36 |
sandy loam sandy loam sandy loam |
|
17 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
3.39 4.28 3.14 |
31.02 38.38 30.97 |
65.58 57.33 65.89 |
sandy loam sandy loam sandy loam |
|
18 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.39 1.02 0.99 |
70.77 69.76 75.89 |
27.87 29.23 23.1 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
19 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
2.16 1.17 1.1 |
74.41 74.63 78.64 |
23.45 24.22 20.29 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
20 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
2.17 1.31 1.35 |
67.17 73.23 86.96 |
26.65 25.49 11.66 |
silt loam silt loam silt |
|
21 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.64 0.73 0.53 |
83.77 65.66 78.48 |
14.58 33.58 21.01 |
silt silt loam silt loam |
|
22 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.92 1.25 1.29 |
81.62 75.59 82.57 |
16.43 23.19 16.15 |
silt silt loam silt |
|
23 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.29 0.9 0.86 |
71.93 77.02 82.95 |
26.78 22.07 16.21 |
silt loam silt loam silt |
|
24 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
9.07 8.53 7.27 |
51.18 43.55 38.59 |
39.72 47.92 54.12 |
silt loam clay sandy loam |
|
25 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.84 0.89 0.54 |
74.7 69.07 78.7 |
23.48 30.06 19.94 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
26 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
1.45 0.9 0.48 |
58.66 53.95 57.48 |
39.93 45.14 42.01 |
silt loam silt loam silt loam |
|
27 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
0.87 0.63 0.8 |
79.11 83.37 87.48 |
20.01 16.02 11.72 |
silt loam silt silt |
|
28 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
4.52 2.67 4.97 |
24.53 22.46 31.35 |
70.96 74.83 63.65 |
loamy sand loamy sand sandy loam |
|
29 |
0-5 5-10 10-20 |
0.99 0.31 0.24 |
53.64 56.07 47.06 |
45.36 43.63 52.7 |
silt loam silt loam sandy loam |
Seeing from the table 2 and 3, soil texture classifications in study area consists of clay, loamy sand, loam, sand, sand clay, sandy loam, silt, and silt loam, but the ratio of silt loam and sandy loam are significant,48% and 25% respectively. The ratio of soil types of Uzemchin and Sukhbaatar in the study area are as follows (Table 4).
Table 4
|
Soil texture classifications |
Study area |
Uzemchin (Inner Mongolia) |
Sukhbaatar (Mongolia) |
|
clay |
1% |
2% |
0% |
|
loamy sand |
13% |
17% |
8% |
|
loam |
2% |
1% |
4% |
|
sand |
3% |
3% |
3% |
|
sand clay |
2% |
3% |
0% |
|
sandy loam |
25% |
22% |
30% |
|
silt |
5% |
8% |
1% |
|
silt loam |
48% |
43% |
54% |
Table 5
|
Layers of soil (cm) |
Average amount of the mechanic composition |
||||||||
|
Study area |
Uzemchin (Inner Mongolia) |
Sukhbaatar (Mongolia) |
|||||||
|
Cl |
Si |
Sa |
Cl |
Si |
Sa |
Cl |
Si |
Sa |
|
|
0–5 |
3.43 |
51.00 |
45.57 |
1.77 |
50.61 |
47.62 |
5.35 |
51.47 |
43.18 |
|
5–10 |
4.19 |
50.22 |
45.59 |
1.48 |
51.00 |
47.52 |
7.33 |
49.31 |
43.36 |
|
10–20 |
4.21 |
52.14 |
43.65 |
1.35 |
51.50 |
47.14 |
7.52 |
52.88 |
39.60 |
* Sa- Sand (%), Si-Silt (%), Cl-Clay (%)
Summary of soil texture classifications in study area
Average amount of the mechanic composition of the soil layer (n=54)
Changes along the vertical direction of soil mechanical composition
Seeing from the table 5, changes of mechanical composition changes along the vertical direction of the soil, the more sand in study area reduces the more depth increases in the soil, while the more clay in study area increases the more depth increases in the soil. However chang of silt in soil layer is not obvious. Silt and sand cover main percentage of the mechanical composition of the soil layer inthe research area, but the ratio of clayin the soil separate ismore Sukhbaatar province of Mongolia than Uzemchin of Inner Mongolia.
Changes of the soil mechanical composition along the horizontal direction
Here the percentageof soil parameters are illustrated with number of the selected samples at all deep layers to express natural law of changes soil mechanical composition along the north-west direction from the south-east of the steppe zone in Mongolian plateau. According to the figure 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, change of mechanical composition along the north-west direction from the south-east of in the research area in the layers of 0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 0–20 cm shows the tendency of reducing sand, increasing dust slightly and increasing clay.
Fig. 3.1. Сhange of mechanical composition along the horizontal direction in the layers of 0–5 cm
Fig. 3.2. Сhange of mechanical composition along the horizontal direction in the layers of 5–10 cm
Fig. 3.4. Сhange of mechanical composition along the horizontal direction in the layers of 0–20 cm
Fig. 3.3. Сhange of mechanical composition along the horizontal direction in the layers of 10–20 cm
When we made an analysis in the change of average mechanical composition along the horizontal direction in the layers of 0–20 cm, it calculated using the above-mentioned formula (Figure 4, 5).
Fig. 4. Сhange of average mechanical composition along the horizontal direction in the layers of 0–20 cm
Seeing from the figure 4, changes of averagesand along the north-west direction from the south-east of in the research area tends to reduce, but changes of average clay tends to increase and changes of average silt tends to increase slightly. In addition, mean sand in Uzemchin is more than Sukhbaatar of in the study area, 23.77 and 21.63 respectively. Mean clay in Uzemchin is less than Sukhbaatar of in the study area, 0.81 and 3.17 respectively. However, mean silt in two regions has almost same, 25.38 and 25.19 respectively.
Fig. 5. Changes of soil mechanical composition along the horizontal direction
Seeing from the figure 5, change along all soil layers soil separate trendency of Uzemchin and Sukhbaatar in the research area get clearly. Sand and clay tend to increase in Uzemchin region of the research area along all soil layers, while silt tends to reduce in the Uzemchin region. But they tends stable relatively in Sukhbaatar region of the research area. Therefore quality of soil mechanic composition of the research area in Mongolia is better than the region in Inner Mongolia .
Conclusion
Soil mechanical composition in the research area was determined through the field survey and laboratory analysis. Soil texture classifications in study area consists of clay, loamy sand, loam, sand, sand clay, sandy loam, silt, and silt loam, but the ratio of silt loam and sandy loam are significant,48% and 25% respectively.
Changes of mechanical composition changes along the vertical direction of the soil, the more sand in study area reduces the more depth increases in the soil, while the more clay in study area increases the more depth increases in the soil. However chang of silt in soil layer is not obvious. Silt and sand cover main percentage of the mechanical composition of the soil layer in study area, but the ratio of clayin the soil separate ismore Sukhbaatar province of Mongolia than Uzemchin of Inner Mongolia; Changes of average sand along the north-west direction from the south-east of in the research area tends to reduce, but changes of average clay tends to increase and changes of average silt tends to increase slightly. In addition, mean sand in Uzemchin is more than Sukhbaatar of in the study area, 23.77 and 21.63 respectively. Mean clay in Uzemchin is less than Sukhbaatar of in the study area, 0.81 and 3.17 respectively. However, mean silt in two regions has almost same, 25.38 and 25.19 respectively.
Chang of sand and clay tend to increase in Uzemchin region of the research area along all soil layers, while silt tends to reduce in the Uzemchin region. But they tends stable relatively in Sukhbaatar region of the research area. Therefore quality of soil mechanic composition of the research area in Mongolia is better than the research area in Inner Mongolia. However the two regions have similar natural conditions, the reason will be analyzed in the next research, whichdifferencesof soil separate tendency having between Sukhbaatar, Mongolia and Uzemchin, Inner Mongolia in the research area.
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