Computerized Acute Myeloid Leukemia Classification Using Hybrid Dilated DenseSqueeze Network from Peripheral B Stain Analysis

In medical diagnosis, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has offered significant revolution, especially for cancers. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a deadly blood cancer caused by the rapid growth of abnormal White Blood Cells (WBCs) in humans. Although AML classification is a popular area of research, existing detection methods utilize manual examination of microscopic blood samples, which includes high complexity and tedious. Therefore, this work presented a computerized deep learning model-based AML classification from peripheral blood stain images, which helps in earlier AML diagnosis. The processing steps followed in AML classification are Image Pre-processing, Localization of RoI (Region of Interest), Fusion-based Feature Extraction and Classification. First, the input image is pre-processed, which includes noise filtering, image resizing, and colour conversion. The noise in the image is filtered using normalized Gaussian filtering (NGF). Next, the image is resized into a standard size, and the RGB image is converted into CMYK colour space. Then, the RoI is identified using the Image Moment Localization (IML) technique. Next, the valuable multi-level dense features are extracted using DenseSqueeze Network, and multi-scale features are extracted using Dilated Convolution Spatial Pyramid Pooling (Dilated CSPP). Both these extracted features are fused using the element-wise summation. Finally, the Softmax classifier is used in the last layer to classify the classes of AML and the loss in the network is optimized using the Improved Artificial Fish Swarm (Improved AFS) algorithm. The proposed work results in 99% of accuracy, 98.5% of precision and 98.9% of F-score by using the AML-Cytomorphology LMU dataset.