Consequences of anthropogenic impacts on the environment

To the intensive growth of the industrial enterprises and the accelerated industrialization, there is a process of change of the environment. At the beginning of production activity, the produced substances were insignificant pollution with which nature was able will cope. However, with the rapid development of science, mankind began to make such products and to develop such waste to which to resist it appeared it is impossible. Each new step in the development of industrial activity negatively affects the environment.

The relevance of a subject is in carrying out the review of a technique of reduction of emissions of production wastes in the atmosphere, thereby, of ensuring a decrease in rates of rapid increase of processes of influence. Elimination of negative consequences of production activity it is provided:

• -    assessment of adaptation of natural systems to this or that type of influences;

• -    definition of sources of negative impact and its saturation in relation to the person, separate natural components and systems in general;

• -    evidence-based construction and operation engineering the objects minimizing the negative impact on the environment.

Scientific and technogenic revolution is resulted by a burning issue of the relationship of the person with nature. The extent of impact on the environment directly depends on the population – the more people will live in one territory, the extent of anthropogenic impact on the biosphere is higher.

Anthropogenic influences are subdivided into direct, indirect and accidental. Refer direct influence of the person on the environment to straight lines. Irrational fishery and hunting sharply reduce the number of a number of types, creating thus need for their protection. The changes which are carried out by the person in the nature for some live an organism create favorable conditions for reproduction, and for others – adverse. Owing to what, there are devices obligatory for the existence of organisms in the changed environment, there is an evolution of a food chain [1]. During a human activity, there is a number of adaptive reactions from organisms, such as the emergence of weeds, roadside plants, granary wreckers, etc.

Diversification of relevant forms of the impact of the person on vegetation is presented in table 1.

Table 1 - Main forms of influence of the person on plants and vegetable cover

Thus, under negative impact of the person, there are a change and irreplaceable loss of genetic resources of flora.

Drawing irresponsible or indirect leads influences to the transformation of landscapes, climate and the structure of the Earth's surface. Vigorous economic activity leads to the manifestation of processes exogenous, and in certain cases and endogenous geodynamics [2]. In the course of agricultural development, people, plowing up virgin and lay lands, does harm to the environment, strengthening superficial and side erosion.

Borozdovy and plane deflation, the formation of cracks, a shift of blocks of rocks, violation of the thermal mode – all this is consequences of actions of the population when developing mineral deposits, at industrial and city construction, when laying thoroughfares. On slopes, soliflyuktsionny movement of soil amplifies.

Depending on grew the industries various types of pollution get to the biosphere. Besides artificial pollution, such as radioactive materials, sewage and sewage absorbing oxygen, R. Parson allocates the natural pollution resulting from powerful natural processes.

Receipt of various pollution to the biosphere leads to undesirable consequences: causing damage to an animal and flora; violation of stability of natural biogeocenoses; harm for human health.

For reduction of emissions of production wastes in the atmosphere, low-waste technologies take root. Thanks to special economic mechanisms, it is possible to keep track of the number of waste for each enterprise for which it will pay for compensation of damage to nature [3].

Low-waste technologies are an intermediate step during the creation of waste-free production. For reduction to a minimum of the number of harmful waste complexes of actions which entries are created:

• -    development of productions of processing of waste in secondary material resources;

• -    creation and release of new types of products taking into account requirements of its repeated use;

• -    creation of the new productions allowing to reduce the education level of waste.

Carrying out recirculation is of great importance in the decrease in the number of developed pollution. The concept of low-waste technologies provides a need for the return of products in the sphere of processing, utilization and waste disposal after its physical or obsolescence. Thus, at the utilization of some types of raw materials, it is possible to receive a total component, doubling productions of this valuable product without excess expenses [4]. The most operating measure of protection of the atmosphere is the construction of the enterprise, working with the closed technological processes by the principle of low-waste technology. Replacement of coal and fuel oil at such enterprises gives, somewhat, good ecological and economic effect.

However, despite the, increase in the enterprises with low-waste technology, the growth of anthropogenic influences does not reduce turns. Studying of the processes proceeding in the biosphere and the impact of activity of the person on them shows that prevention of an oskudneniye of natural resources requires the creation of low-waste productions. The activity of the population has to be based on the principle of natural ecosystems, carrying out the closed circulation. The only introduction of clean technologies will allow minimizing, and then at all to get rid of the consequences of active environmental pollution. The person accelerated processes of extinction to such rates that evolution gave way to revolutionary, irreversible changes of ecosystems.